CHINA UNDER MING AND QING (MANCHU EMPIRE) RULE

Cards (14)

  • The Manchu Empire came to power after the Ming Dynasty lost the Mandates of Heaven. They Manchu’s took that opportunity to invade. They maintained their power by using the banner system, which was similar to the millet system, and Civil Service Exams. They mostly clashed with the Europeans. Buddhism and Confucianisms were the primal belief systems in thr Manchu Empire, and that sometimes served as influence to how they ruled
  • What were the two dynasties that ruled China from 1450 to 1750?
    • Ming and Qing
  • What was the "turn inland" after 1433, and why did it happen?
    • The emperor ended the maritime expeditions and decommissioned or burned most of his fleets. This is because maritime expeditions were expensive, and most of the Ming empires enemies were on inland frontiers, not the ocean.
  • What was the focus of the Yongle Emperor (1402-1424)?
    • The hongwu emperor focused on building china’s infrastructures to esnure stability and access to affordable food. This is due to experiences from the Mongols taxations and limited food, which led to a peasant rebellion.
    • The Yongle Emperor prioritized agricultural improvements and expansions
  • What caused the fall of the Ming dynasty and the rise of the Qing dynasty around 1640?
    • The fall of the Ming dynasty and the rise of the Qing dynasty were primarily caused by internal rebellion, economic instability, and military pressure from the Manchu forces, who eventually established the Qing dynasty
  • What policies did the Kangzi Emperor (1661-1772) pursue?
    • The Kangxi Emperor pursued policies aimed at consolidating central authority, promoting Confucian values, expanding territorial control through military campaigns, and implementing administrative reforms to strengthen the Qing state
  • Methods used by rulers to legitimize and consolidate power in land-based empires from 1450 to 1750 in China's Ming and Qing Dynasty
    • Confucianism and Mandate of Heaven
    • Centralized Administration
    • Cultural Patronage
    • Military Strength
    • Territorial Expansion
    • Religious Tolerance
    • Economic Policies
  • Confucianism and Mandate of Heaven
    Both dynasties upheld Confucian ideology, which emphasized hierarchical order and filial piety. Rulers justified their authority by claiming the Mandate of Heaven, asserting that they were chosen by divine will to rule. This concept legitimized their power and justified their rule over the empire
  • Centralized Administration
    Ming and Qing rulers centralized administrative power by establishing bureaucratic systems based on Confucian principles of meritocracy and loyalty. The civil service examination system was used to recruit officials based on their knowledge of Confucian classics, ensuring a competent and loyal bureaucracy that supported the ruler's authority
  • Cultural Patronage
    Emperors patronized arts, literature, and philosophy, promoting a rich cultural environment that reinforced the legitimacy of their rule. Artworks and literature often depicted the ruler as a wise and benevolent leader, fostering loyalty among the population
  • Military Strength
    Both dynasties maintained powerful militaries to defend the empire's borders and suppress internal rebellions. Emperors invested in modernizing and expanding the military, ensuring their ability to assert control over the vast territory of China
  • Territorial Expansion
    Ming and Qing rulers expanded China's territory through military conquests and diplomatic alliances, further consolidating their power and influence over neighboring regions
  • Religious Tolerance
    While Confucianism was the state ideology, both dynasties practiced religious tolerance, allowing the coexistence of Buddhism, Taoism, and other belief systems. This policy helped maintain stability and harmony within the empire
  • Economic Policies
    Emperors implemented economic policies to stimulate agriculture, trade, and industry, enriching the empire and strengthening the ruler's power base. Infrastructure projects such as the Grand Canal and the Silk Road facilitated economic development and promoted unity within the empire