HOT AND COLD

• Vasodilation - increase blood flow to the affected area that brings oxygen nutrients antibodies and leukocytes
• Heat increases capillary permeability which allows extracellular fluid and substance that may result in edema or an increase in pre-existing edema
• Vasoconstriction - less blood flow that's why you don't feel anything
• Cold is most often used for sports injuries to limit post injured swelling and bleeding
• Cold therapy is dangerous for clients who have diabetes mellitus
• Heat decreases blood pressure and cold increases blood pressure
• Thermal Tolerance - presence of any conditions indicating the need for special precautions during heat and cold therapy
• Neurosensory impairment - unable to perceive that heat is damaging the tissue and are at risk for burns
• Rebound phenomenon - occurs at the time when the maximum therapeutic effect of hot or cold application is achieved and the opposite effect begins
• Return to the client after 15 minutes to observe the local skin area for any untoward signs
• Hot water bag - most common source of dry heat used in home
•  Aquathermia pad - also referred to as k-pad.
• Aquathermia pad - it is constructed with tubes containing water the pad is connected by tubing to an electrically powered control unit that has opening for water and a temperature gauge
• Ice Caps - used to lower head temperature and prevent brain edema for unconscious clients
• Hypothermia blanket - this appliance is made based on the principle of semiconductor refrigeration
• 50° safest temperature to avoid burns
• Conscious and 2 years old above : 46° - 52°
• Unconscious and 2 years old below: 40.5° - 46
• Hot Lamps: 30-50 cm distance
• Hot Lamps: 20-30 minutes
• Aquathermia: 40°
• Aquathermia: Less than 30 minutes
• Hot moist: Change every 3-5 minutes
• Hot moist: 15-20 minutes
• Hot sitz bath: 40° - 45°
• Hot sitz bath: 15-20 minutes
• Hot soaks: 43°-45°
• Hots soaks: 30 minutes
• Tepid water sponge bath: 32° - 34°
• Alcohol sponge bath: 25% - 35% alcohol concentration 30° temp