DRRR

• single-hazard risk analysis is used to reduce risks. the method comprises:

  1. hazard analysis
  2. exposure analysis
  3. vulnerability analysis
  4. capacity analysis
• hazard analysis focuses on the relevant information on the location, scale, frequency, and severity of hazard events.
• community-based disaster history table is used to tally historical information which may be applied at the national, regional, municipal, and barangay levels
• hazard and vulnerability map indicates which areas in communities are highly vulnerable, moderately vulnerable, and less vulnerable to a hazard or impending disaster.
• factor-based analysis is a hazard characterization tool that will help to gain more knowledge about the actual hazard.
• a hazard analysis will isolate the extent of the impact of a hazard over a designated area and population
• the Philippines is one of the developing countries that are primarily vulnerable to disasters due to its level of access to resources.
• as per UNDRR (2018), the Pacific Ring of Fire is the most active seismic zone on the planet
• among all the sectors of the Philippines, the marginalized and the minorities of the society is the most susceptible
• according to the UNDRR (2017), the following are part of the marginalized and minority sector:

  1. Women
  2. Children and youth
  3. older people
  4. People with Disability
  5. Select migrants
  6. Ethnic Minorities and Indigenous People
  7. Sexual Minorites
• According to the Rimando (2016), the following are also a part of the marginalized groups:

  1. Medication-dependent individuals
  2. Informal settlers and those in poverty
  3. Homeless Individuals
  4. Incarcerated Individuals
• Acceptable Risk refers to ways to reduce possible harm to people, infrastructure, services, and the environment.
• Residual Risk refers to the disaster risk that remains after a risk reduction measure is implemented.
• National Disaster Risk refers to intensive and extensive disaster risk that can affect the entire country.
• Extensive Disaster Risk is the disaster risk that is linked to low-severity, high-frequency events that often occur in local areas.
• Intensive Disaster Risk is the disaster risk that is linked to low-severity, mid to high-frequency events that often occur in local areas.
• The country is also surrounded by numerous plates and trenches that also serve as subduction zones
• An earthquake can be triggered by either natural (volcanic activity) or man-made means.
• Ground Shaking is the disruptive up-down or sideways movement during earthquake
• 1. Ground Rupture refers to the occurence of ground movement and the surface of the ground breaks.
• Liquefaction transforms sediments from a solid to a liquid. The sediment composition is like that of a liquid and that it assumes the dynamics of water by flowing.
• Tsunami or harbor wave is a series of waves generated by the sudden, vertical replacement of a column of water.
• An impending tsunami may be identified if:

  1. The ground is shaking
  2. Water disappears in areas where water is usually abundant
  3. If there is a rumbling sound of the waves
• 1. Lahar is an Indonesian origin for lava flow. This is a wet cement-like mix of volcanic material and water. It carries with it fresh volcanic materials like pyroclastic materials and tephra falls.
• 1. Ashfall. The gray ashes which come from volcanoes. Ashfall can also be referred as Tephra, it means fragmented volcanic particles.
• 1. Pyroclastic Flow is simply the explosion from volcanoes.
• Volcanic Gases releases many gases from the eruption of a volcano.  

  1. Water Vapor - colorless, harmless, odorless
  2. Carbon Dioxide - colorless and odorless, and harmful when inhaled in high amounts
  3. Sulfur Dioxide - colorless gas with a pungent odor that irritates skin, eyes, and respiratory system
  4. Hydrogen Sulfide - colorless, flammable gas with a smell of rotten eggs and sewer system
  5. Hydrogen Halide - such as Halogens Fluorine, Chlorine, and Bromine are toxic acids which easily dissolve in the atmosphere becoming components of acid rain.