Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society

• Intellectual revolutions


  Revolutions that defined society
• How can science be defined?

  • Science as an idea
  • Science as an intellectual activity
  • Science as a body of knowledge
  • Science as a personal and social activity
• Science as an idea

  • Includes ideas, theories, and all available systematic explanations and observations about the natural and physical world
• Science as an intellectual activity

  • Involves systematic observation and experimentation
  • Encompasses a systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world
• Science as a body of knowledge


  • A body of knowledge that deals with the process of learning about the natural and physical world
  • Refer to as school of science
• Science as a personal and social activity

  • Explains that science is both knowledge and activities done by human beings to develop better understanding of the world
  • A means to improve life and to survive in life
• Scientific revolutions claimed to have started in Europe

  16th to 18th century
• Probable reasons why scientific revolutions started in Europe:
• Scientific revolution


  Period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry transformed the views of society about nature
• Influences to scientific revolution

  • Development of human beings
  • Transformation of society
  • Formulation of scientific ideas
• Among the Three Influences, in which part do you think did scientific revolution start?
• Thinkers


  A person with highly developed intellectual powers
• Great Thinkers


  • Philosophers (Aristotle)
  • Theorist (Einstein)
  • Scholars
• Intellectual


  • Understand advance concepts which transcend the understanding of the average man
  • Come up with original solutions to complex problems which are long dumped into the "mental bin" of the ordinary mind
  • Think and speak with sophisticated language
  • Problem solvers
• Individuals began to focus more on their own lives and experiences instead of being subservient to religion or society as a whole.
• Humanists believed that humans were capable of understanding God's creation through reason and observation rather than relying solely on religious texts.
• The Renaissance was characterized by the revival of classical learning, humanism, individualism, secularism, and scientific advancements.
• Renaissance thinkers emphasized the importance of personal experience over tradition and authority.
• Renaissance Humanism was characterized by an emphasis on individuality, human potential, and secular knowledge.
• During this time period, there was a renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, art, and philosophy.
• Renaissance Humanism was characterized by an emphasis on individuality, human potential, and secular learning.
• Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) was an artist who worked primarily during the High Renaissance period.
• Da Vinci's work has influenced many artists throughout history, including Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botticelli.
• Leonardo da Vinci is considered one of the most influential figures of the Italian Renaissance due to his contributions to various fields such as painting, sculpture, engineering, mathematics, physics, astronomy, botany, geology, and more.
• Enlightened thinkers sought to apply these principles to all aspects of life, including politics, economics, and social relations.
• Francis Bacon developed the scientific method, which involves systematic experimentation and data analysis to test hypotheses and draw conclusions.