21st

• the most important of the modern written works are those in English, Spanish, French, Dutch, Polish, German, Italian, Modern Greek, Czech and Russian and works by the Scandinavians and Irish.
• Important classical and medieval traditions are those in Ancient Greek, Latin, Old Norse, Medieval French and the Italian Tuscan dialect of the renaissance
• SYMBOLISM refers to the use of an object, figure, event, situation, or other idea in a written work to represent something else—typically a broader message or deeper meaning that differs from its literal meaning.
• HYPERBOLE is an exaggerated statement that's not meant to be taken literally by the reader. It is often used for comedic effect and/or emphasis
• The Middle East is the name given to the area of land between the Red Sea and the Gulf, from Israel in the west to Iran in the east
• METAPHOR - is a figure of speech in which ideas, actions, or objects are described in non-literal terms. In short, it’s when an author compares one thing to another. The two things being described usually share something in common but are unalike in all other respects.
• IMAGERY is a figure of speech where an author describes a scene, thing, or idea so that it appeals to our senses (taste, smell, sight, touch, or hearing). This device is often used to help the reader clearly visualize parts of the story by creating a strong mental picture.
• SETTING

  The time and location in which a story takes place is called the setting. There are several aspects of a story's setting to consider when examining how setting contributes to a story.
• MOOD OR ATMOSPHERE - What feeling is created at the beginning of the story? Is it bright and cheerful or dark and frightening?
• WEATHER CONDITIONS - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc
• TIME - When is the story taking place? (historical period, time of day, year, etc.)
• PLACE - geographical location. Where is the action of the story taking place?
• PLOT

  The plot is how the author arranges events to develop his basic idea; It is the sequence of events in a story or play. There are five essential parts of plot
• DENOUEMENT This is the final outcome or the

  untangling of events in the

  story.
• FALLING ACTION The events and complications begin to resolve themselves. The reader knows what has happened next and if the conflict was resolved or not.
• CLIMAX This is the highest point of interest and the turning point of the story. The reader wonders what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not?
• RISING ACTION This is where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed.
• INTRODUCTION The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting is revealed
• CONFLICT

  Conflict is essential to a plot. Without conflict there is no plot. Conflict is not merely limited to open arguments, rather it is any form of opposition that faces the main character. Within a short story there may
• THEME The theme in a piece of fiction is its
• CHARACTER

  Can be defined as any person, animal, or figure represented in a literary work.