Poultry

• Poultry are domesticated and commercialized types of birds that are used for production purposes
• Domestication is the process by which wild organisms are brought under human control, improved through breeding and handling, and their products or services become more useful
• Domestication is a sustainted multi-generational mutalistic relationship
• Domestication is a sustainted multi-generational mutalistic relationship
• Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits
• Mutualism is when both species benefit
• Commensalism is when one species benefits and the other is not affected
• Parasitism\ is when one species benefits at the expense of the other
• There are a total of 474 domesticated animals (44 land animals)
• There is a predicted 8.7 million species in the world
• Gaspand Bauhin is a botanist that began the formal naming system
• Carl Linnaeus is the person who mainly started the formal naming system
• Heminomonymus is when the same noma is used for taxa in different jurisdictions
• The pathways to domestication are commensal, prey, and directed
• The commensal pathway is when the animals are adapted to a human niche (ex. dog, cat, chicken)
• The prey pathway is when a prey animal is sought for food (cattle, sheep, goat, pigs)
• The directed pathway is when animals are targeted for draft and non food resources (horses, donkey, camel)
• Obstacles to domestication are diet not easily supplied, slow growth rate/long birth spacing, reluctance to breed in captivity, nasty disposition, tendency to panic, lack of dominance hieracharies
• Key domestication traits are having an efficient diet, quick growth rates, ability ti breed in captivity, docile, tendency not to panic, social structures, diurnal
• Florivore eats plant matter
• Omnivore eats both plant matter and animal matter
• Faunivore eat animal matter
• Precocial species are when the young are relatively mature and mobile and require limited parental care
• Altricial is when the young of a species are initially incapable of moving around on their own and require extensive parental care
• Monogamy is when there is one male and one female in a breeding pair
• Polygyny is when there is one male and multiple females for breeding
• Polyandry is when there is one female and multiple males in a breeding system
• Chickens come from the Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus Gallus), was domesticated in China with the commensal pathway
• Chickens are used for a food source, entertainment, and religious/cerimonial purposes
• Turkeys (Melagris gallopave) was domesticated in Mesoamerica through the prey pathway
• Common quail (Coturnx coturnix) was domesticated in Egypt for meat and eggs
• Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) was domesticated in japan as songbirds, eggs, and meat
• Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) was domesticated in China through the commensal and prey pathways
• Muscovys (Cairina musenata) was domesticated in Mexico through the prey pathway
• Mule ducks (muscovy male x pekin female) are sterile and used for meat and foie gras
• Greylag geese (Anser anser) were domesticated in Egypt
• Swan goose (Anser cygnoides) was domesticated in China
• Geese were domesticated through the commensal pathway
• Rock Dove pigeon (Clumbia livia) was domesticated for meat through the commensal pathway
• Ostriches (Struthio camelus) was domesticated in South Africa