Science

• Genetics is a field of science involving heredity & variation
• Heredity is the transmittion of genes
• variations is the difference among individuals
• alleles are genes found in the same loci of homogygous chromosomes
• Homozygous means identical
• Locus or Loci is the location of gene
• Gene is Genetic Information
• A trait can be named as dominant when its more excessive than the other
• Geno type is the genetic information/composition
• Phenotype is the physical appearance of an organism
• Law of segregation is when each pair of alleles segregates or separates during meiosis
• Law of independent assortment: Alleles are randomly segregated during meiosis, a gene pair segregates from other gene pairs during gamete formation
• Law of dominance states that recessive traits are always dominated
• Dihybrid considers the inheritance of two traits at the same time
• Taxonomy deals with naming, describing and classification of all living organisms including plants
• Carolus Linnaeus is the father of taxonomy
• 1. Domain - dear (boadest)
  2. Kingdom - king
  3. Phylum - Philip
  4. Class - Came
  5. Order - over
  6. Family - for
  7. Genus - Good
  8. species - Spaghetti
• There are five kingdoms

  1. Kingdom Monera
  2. Kingdom protista
  3. kingdom Fungi
  4. Kingdom Plantae
  5. Kingdom Anemalia
• Kingdom Monera are Prokaryotes, Unicellular, most are heterotroph and some are autotroph (Like cyano bacteria)
• Sphere shaped -cocci-

  rod shaped -bacilli-

  spiral shaped -spirochetes-
• Kingdom Protista, eukaryotic and unicellular
• Kingdom Fungi, eukaryotic, most are multicellular, saprophytic
• Kingdom PLantae, eukaryotes, multicellular, autotroph
• Kingdom Plantae

  1. Non-motile (cannot move on their own)
  2. make their own food
  3. reproduce asexually or sexually
  4. multicellular eukaryotes
  5. photosynthetic pigments called chlorophyll
  6. different organelles for anchorage, reproduction, support, and photosynthesis
• Five plant kingdoms are

  1. Thallophyta
  2. Bryophyta
  3. Pteridophyta
  4. Gymnosperms
  5. Angiosperms
• Thalloyohta, no roots
• Bryophytes, no vascular tissues
• Pteridophyta has roots, stem, and leaves and seeds
• Gymnosperms have naked seeds (outside of fruit)
• Angiosperms have seed inside fruits
• Cryptogams - non-flowering and non-seed bearing
• phanerogams - seed and flower bearing plants
• Kingdom Animalia, eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotroph
• Phylum Porifera (pore) has holes like sponges, prous body
• Phylum Coelenterata - hollow body cavity, kilos means hollow-bellied
• Phylum Platyhelminthes- flatted bodies, flat worms
• Phylum nematoda - cylindrical body
• Phylum Annelida - segmented cylindrical body
• Phylum Arthropoda - jointed legs
• Phylum Mollusca - Less segmented body