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• Power

  ability to direct the behavior of others through coercion, persuasion or leadership
• Authority

  the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.
• Sovereignty

  Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.
• Politics

  Method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government (who gets what, when, and how)
• Nation

  a group of people who identify themselves as belonging together because of cultural, geographic or linguistic ties
• State

  people & groups within a nation-state that have power to effect change at some level of society through direct action or political participation
• Nation-state

  a territorial unit controlled by a single state and governed by a single government
• Regime

  a pattern of organization for a government often described in a constitution or supreme law
• Rule of law

  governance system that operations predictably under a little known and relative transparent set of procedural laws
• government

  part of the state with legitimate public authority; the group of people/organizations that hold political authority in a state at any time
• Head of state

  the chief public representative of a country, such as a president or monarch
• head of government

  office and the person occupying the office charged with leading the operation of a government
• Civil society

  all organizations which provide avenues of public participation in society
• State capacity

  ability of the government to implement its policies
• Legitimacy

  the belief that a regime is a proper one and that the government has a right to exercise authority
• Ways to earn legitimacy

  representative government, rule of law, history of stable political system, protection of individual liberty, charismatic leadership, social welfare system available to all, government responsive of public opinion, widely shared sense of national identity
• Permeability of national borders

  ability of a substance to allow another substance to pass through it (jobs, refugees, pollution, petroleum, wars, technology, tourists, facebook, heroin, organized crime, political ideas such as democratization, social media, Hollywood films, etc.)
• Political culture

  collection o history, values, beliefs, assumptions, attitudes, traditions, symbols that define and influence political behavior within a nation-state
• Ideology

  a set of basic beliefs about political, economic, social and cultural affairs that advocates believe is clearly defined
• Pragmatism

  the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth (Deng Xiaoping)
• Marxism

  Emerged as the most famous socialist belief system during the 19th century. Saw all of history as the story of class struggle.
• socialism

  A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, plays a major role in the means of production.
• supply side economics

  An economic philosophy that holds the sharply cutting taxes will increase the incentive people have to work, save, and invest. Greater investments will lead to more jobs, a more productive economy, and more tax revenues for the government.
• Executive branch in Britain

  PM belongs to lower house of legislature, cabinet members picked by PM, are heads of government ministries that carry out policies
• Russian Executive branch

  Shared by popularly elected president, appointed premier (Prime Minister), cabinet members are heads of gov't ministries, policy made by legislature & the president
• China Executive branch

  Premier, named by president & national legislature, is head of gov't, cabinet ministers direct ministries to implement policy, president=head of state & head of CCP, Politburo standing committee is where policy is made
• Nigeria Executive branch

  President=head of state & head of government, presidentially appointed, legislatively approved cabinet ministers head ministries to carry out policy made by legislature & president
• Mexico Executive

  President head of state & head of government, cabinet members appointed by the president, lead ministries that carry out policy made by president/legislature
• Iran Executive

  Popularly elected president is head gf government
• Parliamentary government

  a system of governance in which the head of gov't is chosen by & serves the legislature
• Bicameral legislatures in the AP Comp Gov 6

  Britain, Russia, Nigeria, Mexico
• Rule of law

  constitutionalism; a governance system operating predictably under a known and transparent set of procedural rules (laws)
• Civil law systems in AP Comp Gov 6

  Mexico, Russia, China, Iran
• Proportional election

  an electoral system that awards seats in congress based upon vote totals, as opposed to winner take all
• Ranked choice voting

  voters rank all candidates by their preferences, if a voter's first choice candidate is not elected, second choice candidate gets the vote, etc.
• Iliberal state

  those that have trappings of a constitution, elections and rule of law but in fact only have symbolic constitution, non-competitive elections, fake rule of law, gov't often ignores human rights & treats citizens as subjects
• Power distribution in UK

  fusion of powers
• Poster distribution in Russia

  constitutional separation of powers but Putin dominant & United Russia powerful
• Power distribution in China

  constitutional separation of powers and fusion of the Communist Party with the gov't
• Power distribution in Nigeria

  constitutional séparation of powers, judiciary less powerful