FIRST AID

• First aid - is an immediate assistance given to any person suffering from a minor or serious injury.
• First aid is not a full medical treatment, but something that can be done to stabilize a person so they can be moved to the hospital for medical treatment.
• Legal considerations for giving first aid are consent, duty of care, negligence, and abandonment.
• Informed consent - applies when the person is conscious.
• Implied consent - applies when the person is unconscious.
• Duty of care - a person may owe such if they are responsible for the injured person.

  ex. Teacher has a student who is sick. Since it was during their class hours, the teacher is responsible for the student and shuld send them to the clinic.
• Negligence - If duty of care was neglected by someone responsible to provide care, negligence is established.

  ex. the teacher neglected the sick student and his condition got worse.
• Abandonment - first aiders must not abandon their patients unless they need to call for help and no bystanders are available to help.
• Gentle - should not cause or inflict pain.
• Resourceful makes use of the things at hand.
• Observant - should notice all signs and is aware of what is happening and what may happen
• Tactful - must handle patients with utmost care.
• Emphatic - should be comforting.
• Respectable - must maintain a caring and professional attitude.
• Shock - a condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues and vital organs.
• Bleeding - loss of blood escaping the circulatory system.

  Techniques: direct pressure and pressure bandage.
• Closed wound - the outer layer of the skin is intact and the damage lies below the surface.
• Closed wound: apply ice pack, elevate injured part, comfort, and let the person rest.
• Open wound - outer layer of the skin is broken. The break can be as minor as a scrape of the surface or as sever as deep penetration.
• An avulsion is a forcible tearing off of skin or another part of the body, such as an ear or a finger.
• A laceration is a wound that is produced by the tearing of soft body tissue
• An incision is a cut that's made in your skin during a surgery or procedure. This is also known as a surgical wound.
• Amputation - removal of a part of the body e.g., limbs and fingers
• Abrasion - wounds where your skin has been rubbed or torn off.
• A puncture is a wound made by a pointed object such as a nail, knife, or sharp tooth.
• OPEN WOUNDS: Control the bleeding, cover the wound, care for infection, call for physician
• minor wound

  
• major wound

  
• Burns - injuries to the skin caused by heat, chemical, electricity, and radiation
• thermal burn

  
• chemical burn

  
• electrical burn

  
• radiation burn

  
• Heat cramps - painful involuntary muscle cramps that can occur during or after exercise or work in a hot environment.
• Strain - occurs when muscle is stretched too much and tears.
• Sprain - a.k.a., torn ligament; the partial or complete rupture of ligament in joints.
• Fracture - a broken bone. May range from a thin crack to a complete break.
• REST for 48 hours

  ICE pack for 20 minutes, 4-8 times a day

  COMPRESS

  ELEVATE injured part 6-10 inches above the ground.
• Firefighters carry - conscious and unconscious patient in a dangerous situation
• Clothes drag - good for head and neck injury