U-5 ,Enzymes

• Catalyst


  A substance that increases the rate of chemical reaction and is not changed by reaction
• Enzyme


  Biological catalysts that are proteins involved in all metabolic reactions, ensuring the rates of metabolic reactions are great enough to sustain life
• Catalase reaction

  1. Hydrogen peroxide

  2. Water + oxygen
• Carbohydrase

  Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
• Carbohydrase enzymes

  • Sucrase
  • Lactase
  • Maltase
• Substrate

  The substance that an enzyme acts upon
• Active site

  The specific area on an enzyme where the substrate binds
• Lactase reaction

  1. Lactose

  2. Glucose + Galactose
• If no lactase, when drinking milk, lactose cannot be broken down, leading to lactose intolerance
• Enzymes can build up small molecules to form bigger ones
• Enzymes

  • They are all proteins
  • Each enzyme catalyses one reaction
  • They can be used again
  • They are influenced by temperature
  • They are influenced by pH
• Optimum temperature

  The temperature at which an enzyme works best for the rate of reaction
• Optimum pH

  The pH at which an enzyme works best for the rate of reaction
• As temperature increases

  Kinetic energy of enzyme and substrate molecules increases, leading to more effective collisions and faster reaction rate
• As temperature increases above optimum

  Enzyme begins to denature and lose its shape, reducing activity