All

• Psychology


  A science based on gathering factual information, forming theories to explain these facts and testing these theories
• Philosophy


  Uses logic and reason to try to understand behaviour
• Sciences that psychology overlaps with

  • Biology
  • Physiology
  • Sociology
  • Anthropology
• Psychology as a science

  • Its practitioners advance knowledge and understanding by following rigorous scientific procedures
• Structuralism


  Examining consciousness by breaking it down into basic elements, as other scientists study chemicals
• Functionalism


  Interested in studying the function of the mind and consciousness
• Dualism


  The view that the mind is separate from the body
• Darwin's research into heredity and environmental influences

  Has influenced the nature-versus-nurture debate in psychology
• Psychologists who studied the structural and functional approach believed that studying conscious thoughts was central to understanding the mind
• Psychiatrist


  A qualified doctor focusing on mental illness, they are able to prescribe medication and perform medical procedures
• Who would best help Jamie

  • A social worker
• Counselling psychologist


  Helps individuals resolve mental health issues without medication, focusing on non-medical approaches
• Clinical psychologist


  Helps individuals with mental health issues, often through talk therapy
• Forensic psychology has made important contributions to our understanding of criminal behaviours, our ability to predict likely criminal actions, and the rehabilitation of criminals
• Educational and developmental psychologist


  Works mainly with parents, children and teachers
• Counselling psychology


  Has contributed to our understanding of the management of stress, grief and loss, chronic pain and depression
• Philosophical debates in psychology include the mind-versus-body debate, the free will-versus-determinism debate, and the nature-versus-nurture debate
• Heredity


  The passing of traits from parents to their offspring
• Dualism


  The view that the mind and body are separate
• Key differences between psychiatry and psychology

  • Psychiatrists are qualified doctors who can prescribe medication, psychologists focus on non-medical approaches
• What is social work


  • Helping individuals and families in need, such as those facing poverty, homelessness, or mental health issues
• Main types of psychologists

  • Clinical neuropsychologist
  • Clinical psychologist
  • Counselling psychologist
  • Community psychologist
  • Educational and developmental psychologist
  • Forensic psychologist
  • Health psychologist
  • Organisational psychologist
  • Sports psychologist
• Nature-versus-nurture debate


  Considers the relative influence of genetic inheritance (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) on human development and behaviour
• Comparison of psychology, psychiatry, and social work

  • Psychology: Requires graduate-level education, does not prescribe medication, helps individuals through talk therapy and assessments
  • Psychiatry: Requires medical training, can prescribe medication, helps individuals with mental illness
  • Social work: Helps individuals and families in need, such as those facing poverty, homelessness, or mental health issues
• Comparison of clinical psychologists and educational/developmental psychologists

  • Clinical psychologists: Help individuals with mental health issues, often through talk therapy
  • Educational/developmental psychologists: Work mainly with parents, children and teachers
• Mind-versus-body debate and determinism-versus-free will debate


  • Mind-versus-body: Considers whether the mind and body are separate or the same
  • Determinism-versus-free will: Considers whether our actions are predetermined or we have free choice
• What kind of psychologist might Jake see

  • A sports psychologist
• Philosophy was the beginning of modern psychology, and it was important for psychology to be recognised as a science in order to advance knowledge and understanding