2e1.Common_Energy conservation

• Energy Conservation


  Reducing the growth of energy consumption, measured in physical terms
• Energy Efficiency


  Reducing energy intensity in a specific product, process or area of production or consumption without affecting output, consumption or comfort levels
• Energy efficiency is often viewed as a resource option like coal, oil or natural gas
• Energy efficiency provides additional economic value by preserving the resource base and reducing pollution
• Energy Efficient Equipment


  • Uses less energy for same output and reduces CO2 emissions
• The industrial sector accounts for some 41 per cent of global primary energy demand and approximately the same share of CO2 emissions
• Benefits of Energy Efficiency


  • Reduce consumer energy bills
  • Protect the environment
  • Enhance industry energy productivity
  • Contribute to a competitive energy market
  • Better manage energy demand

  
• Environmental benefits of energy efficiency

  • Lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other pollutants
  • Decrease water use
• Economic benefits of energy efficiency


  • Lower individual utility bills
  • Create jobs
  • Help stabilize electricity prices and volatility
• Utility system benefits of energy efficiency

  • Lower overall electricity demand
  • Reduce need to invest in new electricity generation and transmission infrastructure
• Other benefits of energy efficiency

  • Diversify utility resource portfolios
  • Hedge against uncertainty associated with fluctuating fuel prices
  • Increase productivity
• Energy management can be effectively used by BSNL to reduce its operating expense and increasing profitability
• Managerial barriers to energy management

  • Energy management is side-lined as a technical specialty
  • Line management is inadequate
  • Insufficient interest and driving force from above
  • Little incentive for departmental managers and general staff to save energy
  • Lack of senior management commitment
  • Senior management unaware of potential savings
  • Higher priority given to "more important" issues
  • It is seen as an overhead cost
  • Energy is consumed by a large number of users
  • Users are unaware of energy use and costs
• Technical barriers to energy management

  • Getting accurate data on time is a key problem
  • Monitoring and targeting is not integrated with financial accounting
  • Output is not reported to either users or senior managers in a form they can readily understand and use
  • Users have no information on how to make savings
• Top management support


  • Vital first step in energy management
  • Top management should participate in energy committee meetings or in other energy related activities
  • Top management should publish a formal statement of its energy policy
  • Top management should empower those given responsibility for implementing the energy management programme
• Planning for energy management

  • Needs to be carried out at various levels within an organization
  • At the corporate level, a favourable climate should be created which will facilitate planning at other levels
  • Objectives should be specific, verifiable and attainable
  • Objectives should be communicated clearly throughout the whole organisation
• Accountability in energy management

  • Periodical reporting to the Management is needed for controlling all energy management activities, budget etc
  • Clear delegation of responsibilities, reporting procedures and accountability should be assigned for all stakeholders
• An integrated energy purchase and energy management budget should be developed as part of the energy management action plan
• Ways to motivate employees for energy management

  • Awareness - inform employees about energy use, costs, importance, savings opportunities, relationship between production and energy
  • Recognition - involve employees in setting goals, foster competition between departments
  • Rewards - financial, job security, job enrichment, public recognition, greater authority
• Marketing and communicating energy management

  • Raising awareness of the importance of energy efficiency
  • Promoting energy efficiency measures
  • Publishing achievements in energy management inside and outside the organization

  
• Training for energy management


  • Includes technical issues related to energy efficient technologies as well as general programs that increase awareness among general staff
  • Needs to consider present needs, knowledge and attitudes of staff
• Energy Manager


  Needs to engage the attention of various groups and motivate them to follow his advice and adapt better practice
• Energy management


  Needs to be promoted to increase its take-off
• Training for energy management


  • Complex technical issues related to energy efficient technologies
  • General programs that increase awareness among general staff
• Aspects covered in energy management training

  • Awareness of energy efficiency as a corporate priority
  • Understanding of issues
  • Commitment to achievement of goals
  • Understanding of personal impact on energy consumption
• Training needs assessment would be of immense help in providing the required inputs for developing a staff training program
• Opportunities to create energy awareness and build commitment

  • Energy forums
  • Training days
  • Seminars
  • Talks
• Energy managers can make presentations to all kinds of gatherings, for example: board meetings, management team meetings, and seminars for budget holders and middle managers
• With the enactment of Energy Conservation Act-2001, the Energy Management and Energy Conservation have become core issues
• With the liberalization and opening of Telecom sector to Private Operators, it is necessary to reduce the operating cost for survival
• It is necessary to reduce energy bills by employing innovative strategies of energy conservation in the Lighting systems to ensure commercial viability and competitiveness
• Lighting systems consumes nearly 15 to 20% of the total power consumption in any building and thus, offers huge potential and challenge to reduce the energy consumption
• Categories of energy conservation strategies for lighting systems

  • No Cost Measures
  • Low Cost Measures
  • High Cost Measures
• No Cost Measures


  Measures that do not require any additional cost
• No Cost Measures


  • Review of Lux Level Requirement and Removal of Excess Lamps/Tubes
  • Building Orientation/ Architectural Features
  • Establishing Baseline Performance Indices
  • Awareness Campaign
• Low Cost Measures


  Measures that require low additional cost
• Low Cost Measures


  • Replacement of Discoloured Reflectors, Shades and their Timely Cleanliness
  • Separating Light Switches from Group Control to Individual Control
  • Switching "OFF" lights through Sensors in Areas that are not in frequent Use
  • Providing Electronic Chokes
  • Use of Energy Efficient Lighting Sources and Fixtures
  • Timers, Sensors for Compound Lighting, Ventilation Shafts and other Common Areas
  • Power Factor Improvement by Installation of additional Capacitor Banks
• High Cost Measures


  Measures that require high additional cost
• High Cost Measures


  • Automation and Building Management System
  • Energy Auditing of Large Buildings
• Lux levels for Switch Room lighting has already been revised as 100 Lux for General Lighting and 150 Lux for Task Lighting in BSNL