Revolutions in religion

Cards (38)

  • Life of John Wyclif
    1320-1384
  • Jan Hus burned for heresy in Prague
    1415
  • Johann Gutenberg invented his printing press in Germany and printed the first Bible

    1450s
  • Martin Luther published his 95 'Theses' – reasons to criticise the sale of indulgences; these were printed and widely circulated in Europe

    1517
  • Luther published three short pamphlets setting out further criticisms of the Church; these were printed and circulated in German for rulers and ordinary people to read
    1520
  • Luther publicly burned the Papal Bull telling him to recant his criticisms
    1520
  • Luther again refused to recant and was outlawed, but protected by Frederick the Wise in Wartburg Castle where he translated the Bible into German
    1521
  • William Tyndale's English Bibles were burned in St Paul's Cathedral
    1526
  • Germany split into Protestant and Catholic kingdoms

    1530
  • Reformers/heretics
    • John Wyclif – criticised the power of the Pope and translated the Bible into English
    • Jan Hus – followed Wyclif's ideas in Bohemia, where his followers rebelled against the Pope
    • William Tyndale – translated the Bible into English and criticised the power of the Pope
    • Desiderius Erasmus – promoted education and wanted to reform the Church but supported the Pope
    • Martin Luther – monk from Germany; in 1517 he set out 95 criticisms of the sale of indulgences; this became a larger protest attracting popular support and protection from powerful rulers, leading to the Protestant Reformation
  • Indulgences
    Certificates sold by the Church claiming to offer forgiveness, allowing the purchaser to go straight to heaven when they died
  • Justification by faith
    Luther's reading of the Bible convinced him that all that was needed for forgiveness and salvation, to enter heaven, was faith in God
  • Intercession
    Saints were believed to be able to speak to God on behalf of a person who prayed to them, to get help for them during their life or after their death
  • Mass/Eucharist
    Main church service remembering Jesus's death, with bread and wine; Catholics believed the bread and wine became Jesus's body and blood, but Protestants disagreed
  • Heresy
    Wrong beliefs: Catholics believed Protestantism was heresy, and vice versa; the punishment was death by burning
  • Protestant
    A label used by Catholics to refer to those who followed Luther and protested against the Catholic Church and the power of the Pope
  • Wittenburg was the town in Germany where Luther taught at the university
  • Saxony was a small kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by Frederick the Wise; Luther lived in this kingdom
  • Prague was the capital of Bohemia, now in Czech Republic
  • The Holy Roman Empire was the empire covering central Europe including modern Germany; ruled by Emperor Charles V
  • Henry VIII rejected the authority of the Pope and made himself head of the Church in England

    1533-4
  • Henry VIII closed down monasteries in England and introduced some religious changes including an English Bible
    1536-8
  • Reign of Edward VI, who introduced Protestant changes including English prayer book for church services

    1547-1553
  • Mary I restored Catholicism in England
    1553-8
  • Elizabeth I reintroduced a moderate form of Protestantism including English Bible and services

    1558
  • Morebath was a village in Devon
  • East Anglia (Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire) was where Protestantism was most popular
  • The West Country (Cornwall, Devon, Somerset) rebelled against Protestantism in 1549
  • Thomas Cromwell was Henry's chief minister; he organised the 'Break with Rome' and was Protestant
  • Sir Christopher was the parish priest in Morebath from 1519-1574
  • Sir Christopher's book was a record of events in the parish, written by Sir Christopher, which historians use to reconstruct Morebath's history
  • St Sidwell was a local saint; Sir Christopher gave an image of her to the parish church in 1519
  • Our Lady (St Mary, mother of Jesus) was a popular saint in Morebath
  • Stores were groups of villagers who raised money to fund the lights
  • Lights were candles kept burning in front of images of saints in the church
  • Bequeath means to give something when you die
  • Vestments were beautiful robes worn by the priest for church services
  • Ales were social events held in the church ale house to raise funds for the stores etc.