WLD final review

• Full factorial experiment


  An experiment that tests all possible combinations of the treatment levels of two or more factors
• In an experiment with 2 treatment levels for one variable and 3 treatment levels for another variable, the number of different experimental treatments needed for a full factorial experiment is 6
• NDVI


  A satellite measurement of chlorophyll
• Conventional tags


  Simple unique marks such as numbered ear tags used in animal movement studies
• Point center quarter and k-tree methods

  Are the most similar vegetation sampling methods
• 1. ratio and F-distribution


  Used in ANOVA analysis
• Detection probability


  The probability of an animal being detected given it is present
• Focal animal sampling


  One or a small group of animals is selected using sampling principles and carefully observed
• Controlled variables in an experiment

  All treatments have been exposed to the same condition for those variables, including a control treatment, so that we can isolate the effects of treatment variables
• Press disturbance


  • Effluent from a sewage plant
• BACI design


  • Has both spatial and temporal controls
• Change-in-ratio method


  Estimating population size in exploited populations by measuring the number of males compared to females before and after a hunt, with the total number of harvested animals
• Double-sampling design


  Two surveys are performed - extensive and intensive
• Open system


  Populations where individuals are born, die, move into or out of sampled areas between sampling or capture events
• Nondemonic intrusion


  Unpredictable destructive events that interfere with sampling and experiments
• Pseudoreplication


  When multiple samples are taken from a single experimental unit but treated as independent samples in a statistical analysis
• Strip transects vs line transects

  Strip transects have a fixed width, line transects do not. Line transects incorporate a detection function, strip transects do not.
• Diameter at breast height (DBH)

  • Measured about 140 cm from the ground
  • Standard measure of the thickness of a tree trunk
  • Can be measured using either calipers or measuring tape
• Internal validity - specific relationship between cause and effect

  The observed effect can be elicited only by the hypothesized cause and no other
• Interspersion in an experiment

  How evenly the experimental treatments are in space or time
• Jolly-Seber method


  A mark-recapture method that must be used if the population being sampled is not closed