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WLD final review
WLD final review pt 2
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Cards (25)
Statistically
independent samples
The
value
of each sample is not
influenced
by the value of other samples
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Taking
a larger number of samples
Decreases the
standard error
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Probability of an event
Can fall
between 0
and
1
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Systematic
sampling
Sampling on a
grid
; the
one-in-k
method
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Population
index
Counting bird vocalizations
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Point
count
To survey singing birds
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Optimal
quadrat size
Minimizes
sample variation
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95% confidence interval on an estimated x bar
The interval which has a
95%
chance of containing the true
mean
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Stratified-random sample method for sample allocation
Uniform
;
optimal
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S
^2
Estimator for
sigma^2
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Skew
How
symmetric
a distribution is
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Methods
to select a simple random sample
Draw numbers from a hat; use
sample()
in R;
throw dice
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Power analysis
To estimate the number of
samples
required to detect an effect of a given
size
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values
The probability the observations occurred by
random
chance
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Standard
error
Equivalent to
68% confidence interval
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Autocorrelation
Can only be
positive
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Detectability
The probability of an
animal
being detected given it is
present
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Effect size
The
size
of the difference between two
populations
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Census
A survey method where every individual in a population is
counted
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Optimal quadrat shape
Elongated rectangles
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Variables
that can be used to stratify a sample
Sex
(male vs. female)
Age
Habitat
Population density
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Median
The value of the sample where
half
the samples are large and half are
smaller
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Type 1 error rate in hypothesis testing
5
%; Greek letter is
alpha
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i
.i.d. (independent identical distribution)
Important for
random
variable draws in sampling design to be
independent
and identically distributed
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Parameters of standard
normal distribution
μ=0, σ^2=1
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