Exam 2

• Tricuspid Valve


  Valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
• First heart sound "lubb"


  Produced by the closure of AV valves at the beginning of ventricle systole
• First heart sound "lubb"


  • Louder, longer and more resonant
• Brachial artery


  Compressing this can effectively slow or stop bleeding from a seriously lacerated left hand
• Interventricular septum


  Column-like extensions of myocardium within both ventricles
• Right and left coronary arteries and their branches


  Supply blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, bottom portion of both ventricles, interventricular septum, SA and AV nodes
• Stroke Volume (SV)


  Volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one minute
• SA node


  The pacemaker of the heart rate because it has the fastest spontaneous firing rate
• Cardiac Output


  Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)
• Coronary sinus


  Delivers deoxygenated blood directly to the right atrium
• Intercalated discs


  Specialized gap junctions that connect cardiac muscle cells
• Functions of the portal hepatic system

  • Hepatic Artery: branch of celiac artery, provides 30% of blood, carries oxygen-rich and nutrient-poor blood to liver
  • Portal Vein: formed by mesenteric and splenic veins supplies 70% of blood, carries nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor blood to liver, from the spleen gall balder and pancreas
• Semilunar valves


  Open during ventricle contraction
• QRS complex in an electrocardiogram


  Represents ventricle depolarization
• Myocardium


  Receives its blood supply directly from the coronary vessels
• Incorrect statement comparing arteries and veins

  • Arteries have larger lumen
• Ductus arteriosus


  Fetal vascular shunt that carries blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta directly
• Capillaries are one cell layer thick (tunica intima)
• Capillaries


  Blood flow is slowest through these
• Coronary arteries


  The only pair of arteries to branch off the base of the ascending aorta
• The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood directly from the following

  • inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, and coronary sinus
• Left atrium


  Contains the highest oxygen levels in the adult heart
• Circle of Willis


  Arterial circular anastomosis that supplies the brain with blood
• Epinephrine


  Increases blood pressure by increasing the rate and force of contraction
• Vasomotor center


  Regulates blood pressure and is located in the midbrain
• Cardiac muscle


  The contractility and efficiency of the heart depends on its integrity
• ANP decreases reabsorption of Na+ by kidneys, thereby more Na+ and H2O are eliminated
• Possible causes of heart murmurs

  • Insufficient or incomplete valves
  • Stenotic or narrow valves
  • Septal defects
  • Persistence of fetal shunts
• At the arterial end of a capillary bed

  The hydrostatic pressure forcing fluid outward exceeds the osmotic pressure drawing water inward, resulting in a net exodus of fluid from the capillary
• Arteries that supply blood to the brain

  • Right and left internal carotid artery
  • Right and left vertebral artery
• Coronary sinus


  The main vein that drains deoxygenated blood from the coronary circulation
• Systolic pressure


  The pressure recorded in the arteries when the heart is contracted
• Sympathetic nervous system


  Increases blood pressure
• Parasympathetic nervous system


  Decreases blood pressure
• Damage to valves


  Can reduce the return of venous blood to the heart
• ECG


  Provides information about the electrical activity (conduction system)
• One-way minivalves formed by overlapping endothelial cells

  Promote entry of lymph into the lymphatic capillaries
• Inflammation


  The body's localized response to tissue damage following infection or physical trauma
• Body areas where lymph nodes are not densely clustered


  • Cervix
  • Axillary
  • Tracheobronchial
  • Mesenteric
  • Inguinal
• Thymus


  The lymphoid organ that functions primarily during youth and then begins to atrophy