ac. 1.3

• Crime control model (by Herbert Packer) emphasises role of cjs in reducing and preventing crime by prosecuting and punishing those guilty of criminal offences, focuses on facilitating criminal investigations, interrogations and the pursuit of offenders, can be viewed as a 'conveyor belt', guilty until proven innocent, zero tolerance policy
• Due process model (Herbert packer) emphasises the rights of the defendant through the principles of the presumption of innocence, right to a fair trial, can be perceived as an 'obstacle course', Human Rights Act (2003), PACE (1984)
• left realism -society is unequal + capitalist, believe we need practical actions of crime that offers solutions to reduce crime - this links to the DPM as individuals suspected of a crime need to be given appropriate sentence (just desserts)
• right realism - points fingers at offenders, offers both explanation +solution to crime, biological factors, inadequate socialisation, rational choice (these explains why people commit crime) - links to CCM as offenders should be held accountable for their crimes and cjs should be streamlined in order for this to occur
• lombrosso - people are born with a strong innate predisposition to behave anti-socially, about atavism (criminals are not fully evolved), homo delinquents, facial features determine offender e.g strong jaw, heavy brow - links to CCM as society can recognise people with atavistic features so they can be punished quickly
• marxism - looks at society as whole, social class devision (ruling class dominates the working class), they are in conflict so they commit crimes against each other - links to CCM as if you are working class (selective law enforcement e.g black young males more likely to be stopped and searched)
• Colin stagg case - undercover, honeytrap which was flawed which meant they got the wrong man - links to DPM judge threw out the case as it was not a fair trial or legally conducted (not human rights compliant)
• Stephen Lawrence - he was stabbed, they did not get convicted at first due to the double jeopardy law, it got turned over they were then convicted -
• London riots - 2011, 5 days of rioting in London, looting and arson - links to CCM as there was harsher sentences to protect the public + deter other people from committing the crime
• sion Jenkins - he was accused of killing his foster daughter (Billie Jo Jenkins) he was acquitted due to the evidence being misleading -links to DPM as there was eventually a fair trial when he appealed his case