ENERGY AND ATP

• Structure of ATP


  Contains adenine, ribose, phosphates- adenine and ribose combine to form adenosine, plus 3 phosphates.
• Hydrolysis of ATP equation

  ATP + H2O ----> ADP + Pi + E
• How does ATP store energy?

  -Bonds between phosphate groups are unstable so have a low activation energy

  -meaning they are easily broken

  -when they are broken they release a considerable amount of energy
• What enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP

  ATP hydrolase (ATPase)
• Synthesis of ATP


  -Conversion of ADP to ATP

  -reversible

  -addition of inorganic phosphate to ADP
• What enzyme catalyses the synthesis of ATP?

  ATP synthase
• What type of reaction is the synthesis of ATP?

  Condensation
• What ways do the synthesis of ATP occur?

  3 ways:

  • chlorophyll-containing plant cells during photosynthesis
  • plant and animal cells during respiration
  • plant and animal cella when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP
• What are the roles of ATP?

  Immediate energy source:

  • metabolic processes
  • movement
  • active transport
  • secretion
  • activation of molecules (Pi phosphorylate other molecules)