Moral + Gender

• Lawrence Kohlberg


  Psychologist who established 3 levels of morality through a longitudinal study of 72 men by giving them moral dilemmas over the years
• Pre conventional morality


  1st Kohlberg morality stage where right and wrong are determined by rewards and punishments
• Conventional morality


  2nd Kohlberg morality stage where the views of others matter and avoiding blame + seeking approval from society work
• Post conventional morality


  3rd Kohlberg morality stage where abstract notions of justice come into play. Rights of others can override obedience to laws and rules
• Pre conventional morality stage 1 is the idea that whatever leads to punishment is wrong, and stage 2 is the idea that whatever leads to greatest reward is right
• Conventional morality stage 3 is the idea of good intentions mattering, and behaving in the way that society says we should. Stage 4 is the idea that we should obey authority and go with what the law tells us to do
• Post conventional morality stage 5 shows idea of difference between moral and legal right, and that some rules should be broken. Stage 6 is individual principles of conscience, taking account of likely views of people affected by the moral situation
• Carol Gilligan


  Psychologist who decided to test the generalizability of Kohlberg's experiments and saw that they did not apply to women, because interpersonal relationships matter to women when the rules of society don't work or apply for them the same way they do for men
• Gender role


  Expected behaviors for males and females based on culture
• Gender stereotype


  A schema children develop about the behavior of people based on their gender
• Gender schema theory


  Theory that children actively form schemas for masculinity and femininity, recognize their own role, and then select activities that fit into that role