Abnormalities of Male Genitalia

• Balanitis

  
• Epispadias - the urethral meatus is located on the top of glans (dorsal side). Congenital defect.

  
• Hypospadias - urethral meatus is located underneath the glans (ventral side)

  
• Glanular

  
• penile

  
• penopubic

  
• Peyronie's Disease

  
• Phimosis - foreskin cannot be retracted over the penis tip.

  
• Paraphimosis - A foreskin that is left in a retracted position leads to venous congestion and edema of the foreskin.

  
• Hernia - protrusion of loops of bowel through weak areas of the musculature
• Priapism - a persistent erection that lasts more than four hours and is not relieved by orgasm.
• Priapism - erections that occur with this condition can be painful and are not always related to sexual activity
• Epididymitis - is inflammation or infection of the epididymis, which is the long tube that rests along the testicles.
• Epididymitis - caused by sexually transmitted diseases, injury, a side effect from a vasectomy, and other problems.
• Varicocele is enlarged or dilated veins in the scrotum. It is normally a painless and harmless condition. • It can cause low sperm production and reduced sperm quality that can lead to male infertility. • Symptoms- pain and swelling.

  
• Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord gets twisted and cuts off blood supply to the testicle.
• Syphilitic Chancre - Initially small, silvery white papule that develop a red, oval ulceration. Painless.

  
• Glans penis cancer - appears as the hardened nodule or ulcers on the glans. Painless. Occurs primarily in an uncircumsized male

  
• Herpes progenitalis - cluster of pimplelike, clear vesicles that erupt and become ulcers. Painful.

  
• Genital warts - Single or multiple, moist, fleshy papules. Painless. STI caused by HPV.

  
• Scrotal hernia - a loop of bowel protrudes into the scrotum to create what is known as an indirect inguinal hernia. Appears swelling in the scrotum

  
• Hydrocele - collection of serous fluid in the scrotum, outside the testes, within the tunica vaginalis. Appears as swelling in the scrotum and usually painless.

  
• Hematocele - a herniated mass of blood in the scrotum.

  
• Testicular tumor - Initially a small, firm non-tender nodule on the testes. As the tumor grows, the scrotum appears enlarged and the client complains of a heavy feeling .

  
• Cryptorchidism - failure of one or both testicles to descend into scrotum. The scrotum appears undeveloped and the testis cannot be palpated. Causes increase of testicular cancer

  
• Orchitis - is inflammation of one or both testicles. Caused by bacterial or viral infection, mumps.

  
• Spermatocele - sperm-filled cystic mass located on the epididymis

  
• Indirect inguinal hernia - bowel herniates through internal inguinal ring and remains in the inguinal canal or travels down into the scrotum

  
• Direct inguinal hernia - bower herniates from behind and through the external inguinal ring. It rarely travels down into the scrotum

  
• Femoral hernia - bowel herniates through the femoral ring never travels into the scrotum, and the inguinal canal is empty

  
• Perineal itching is seen with crab lice (pediculosis pubis)
• Discoloration of the foreskin may indicate scarring or infection
• Chancres (red, oval ulcerations) from syphilis, genital warts, and pimplelike lesions from herpes are sometimes detected on the glans.
• A yellow discharge is usually associated with gonorrhea.
• A clear or white discharge is usually associated with urethritis.
• A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, which may cause low sperm production and decreased sperm quality, which can cause infertility
• An enlarged scrotal sac may result from fluid (hydrocele), blood (hematocele), bowel (hernia), or tumor (cancer).
• Tenderness and swelling may indicate acute orchitis, torsion of the spermatic cord, a strangulated hernia, or epididymitis
• If the client has epididymitis, passive elevation of the testes may relieve the scrotal pain
• Palpable, tortuous veins suggest varicocele