People with and without disabilities have a right to exercise self-determination
Handicap: an impediment to the learning and functioning of a person who has a disability which is imposed on that person; A disadvantage for a given individual that prevents the fulfillment of a role that is considered normal (depending on sex, age, and social and cultural factors) for that individual.
1817, established the first American residential school, in Hartford, Connecticut, for students who were deaf (now known as the American School of the Deaf). Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the only liberal-arts college for students who are deaf, was named in his honor
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
GeneralEducation: it is the system of education designed to meet the needs of general classroom as a whole.
RepublicAct9442: An Act Amending Republic Act No. 7277, otherwise known as the “MagnaCartaforDisabledPersons, andforOtherPurposes.”
OrthopedicImpairment: restricted movements or lack of control over movement due to muscle, bone, or joint problems, it caused due to disease or accidents
The term "at risk" is often not clearly defined, but it generally refers to students who perform or behave poorly in school and appear likely to fail or fall far of their potential. Some advocates of reform suggest that this students should not be distinguished from those with mild disabilities while other advocates argue that the problems of this students tend to be ignored because special education resources from general education.
The LRE for children with disabilities depend on each child’s unique needs. It’s important to know that the school district cannot use a “onesizefitsall” approach to educating children who have disabilities.
Disabilities: Involves a limitation on a person’s functioning that restricts the individual’s abilities; any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.
Instrumental in founding the Perkins School for the Blind in Watertown, Massachusetts, and taught students who were deaf and blind.
Samuel Gridley Howe
People with disabilities should exercise personal control of their lives
Self-Determination
Educators often use the term inclusion to describe teaching students with disabilities in the same environment as their age peers who don’t have disabilities.
Differs in some way from the average.
Exceptional Learners
Out of control behavior
Aggressive
Specially designed instruction that meets the unusual needs of an exceptional student and that might require special materials, teaching techniques, or equipment and/or facilities.
Special Education
Section508oftheRehabilitation Act: requires that federal agencies must ensure equal access by those with and without disabilities to new electronic and information technology as well as information and services
Levels of Mental Retardation:
Mild Retardation
Moderate Mental Retardation
Severe Mental Retardation
Profound Mental Retardation
During the closing years of the 18thcentury: following the American and French Revolutions, effective procedures were devised for teaching children with sensory impairments (i.e., those who were blind or deaf; Winzer, 1993)
Dyslexia: Difficulty with phonological skills and comprehension; severe reading and spelling learning disability
Individualized Education Programs: the legal document that describes the educational services a student receives; vary greatly in format and detail from one child to another and from one school district to another
AnxietyandFear: Involves a vague, highly unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension
SensoryDisorder (VisualImpairment, and HearingImpairment): Refers to our ability to take in information through our senses (touch, movement, smell, taste, vision.)
Range from students with disabilities or other hardships that prevent them from participating in the traditional classroom.
Exceptional Learners
Special education law requires placement of the student in the leastrestrictiveenvironment, meaning the student should be separated from nondisabled classmates and from home, family, and community as little as possible.
Schools generally use five methods to help students with disabilities participate in the general education classroom:
French physician who was an authority on diseases of the ear and on the education of deaf students
JeanMarcGastardItard
Feelings of worthlessness
Depression
Relatedservices: special transportation, psychological assessment, physical and occupational therapy, medical treatment, and counseling—might be necessary if special education is to be effective.
LanguageDisorder: persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of language across modalities
Communityintegration: assimilating and welcoming people with disabilities into the larger community; enables persons with disabilities to fully participate in life at the same level as nondisabled individuals.
ADHD: Inattention, Hyperactivity, Impulsivity
Is more precisely controlled in pace or rate, intensity, relentlessness, structure, reinforcement, teacher pupil ratio, curriculum, and monitoring or assessment
Special Education
A person might have problems or special talents in thinking, seeing, hearing, speaking, socializing, or moving.
Exceptional Learners
Early in the 19thcentury: the first systematic attempts were made to educate “idiotic” and “insane” children—those who today are said to have intellectualdisabilities and emotional or behavioraldisorders (or emotional disturbance; Kauffman & Landrum, 2006; Stichter et al., 2008)
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts.
Collaborative consultation: the special education teacher or psychologist acts as an expert who provides advice to the general education teacher.
Lifelong, poor academic records, high dropout rates, poor employment and postsecondary education records
Learning Disabilities
Speech Disorders:
Articulation
Voice
Fluency
SamuelGridleyHowe: His success in teaching Laura Bridgman, who was deaf and blind, greatly influenced the education of Helen Keller; In the 1840s, Howe was also a force behind the organization of an experimental school for children with intellectual disabilities [mental retardation] and was personally acquainted with Séguin.
Special Education: it is a separate system of education designed to cater the needs of the students who are physically, mentally, emotionally, or socially delayed.