Sign Language Pre Mid

• Communication


  The process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, or feelings between individuals or groups through speech, signals, writings, behavior, gestures, body language and facial expressions
• Communication involves both sending and receiving messages
• Verbal Communication


  • Oral Communication
  • Written Communication
• Oral Communication


  Face-to-face conversations, meetings, phone calls, and video conferences where information is exchanged through spoken words
• Written Communication


  Emails, letters, reports, memos, and other forms of written correspondence where information is conveyed through written words
• Non-Verbal Communication


  • Body Language
  • Paralanguage
  • Visual Communication
• Body Language


  Non-verbal cues such as gestures, facial expressions, posture, eye contact, and physical proximity that convey messages without using words
• Paralanguage

  Vocal cues such as tone of voice, pitch, volume, pace, and emphasis that complement verbal communication and convey emotions or attitudes
• Visual Communication


  Visual aids such as charts, graphs, diagrams, photographs, videos, and presentations that help convey information visually
• Types of Communication


  • Intrapersonal communication
  • Interpersonal communication
  • Group communication
  • One-to-group communication
  • Mass communication
  • Organizational communication
  • Public communication
• Barriers to Communication


  • Language Barriers
  • Cultural Differences
  • Emotional Barriers
  • Physical Barrier
  • Psychological Barrier
  • Lack Of Clarity
  • Technological Barriers
• Language


  A structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary
• Language is the way people communicate with each other using words, sounds and grammatical rules. It's how we express our thoughts, feelings, and ideas to others. Language can be spoken, written, or even expressed through gestures. It's what allows us to understand each other and share information.
• Different languages may use different words or symbols to represent a same word
• Language is dynamic
• Language has levels
• Language is creative and unique
• Language is a means of communication
• Language identifies culture
• Language is arbitrary
• Hearing Impairment


  When an individual loses the ability to hear in either one or both ears. The level of impairment can vary from mild to severe or total loss of hearing.
• Deafness


  Hearing impairment, so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, which adversely affects the child.
• Hard of Hearing


  An impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, not adversely affecting the child's educational performance.
• Pre-Lingual Deafness


  Deafness present at birth or occurring early in life at an age prior to the development of speech and language
• Post-Lingual Deafness


  Deafness occurring at any age following the development of speech and language
• Degree of hearing loss


  • Normal (-10 to 15 dB HL)
  • Slight (16 to 25 dB HL)
  • Mild (26 to 40 dB HL)
  • Moderate (41 to 55 dB HL)
  • Moderately severe (56 to 70 dB HL)
  • Severe (71 to 90 dB HL)
  • Profound (91+ dB HL)
• Types of Hearing Deficits

  • Conductive Deficits
  • Sensor Neural Deficits
  • Mix Hearing Deficits
  • Central Auditory Deficits
• Causes of Hearing Loss


  • Congenital Factors (Genetic Factors, Birth Complications)
  • Acquired Conditions Or Environmental Factors (Aging (Presbycusis), Noise Exposure, Infections, Trauma, Ototoxic Medications, Diseases Or Medical Conditions, Chemical Exposures)
• Language Development


  Language begins before birth, first word around 12 month age, no difference between a hearing child and child with hearing loss during pre-linguistic period i.e. first one year of life, child produces initial sounds (Babbling) and parents transform this sound into word, children with hearing loss also start babbling like gestures at the same age i.e. 12 months, deaf parents recognize these gestures and develops them into sign, the earlier the recognition of gestures better is the sign language development.
• Cognition


  The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and the senses. Cognition is defined as conscious mental activities: the activities of thinking, understanding, learning and remembering.
• Most of the deaf or hard of hearing persons have normal intelligence, follow the same sequence of cognition but sometimes at a slower rate, determining the intellectual level is questionable, orally administered Intelligence Tests underestimate their abilities, non verbal test produce more accurate results, deaf children are capable of learning reading, writing and logical language if taught visually or through sign language, delayed identification of the Hearing Loss results in less development of literacy skills, deaf children learning sign language before the age of 2 ½ years perform better than those learning at later stages, early intervention e.g. fitting of Hearing Aid before the age of 3 years also do good.
• Social-emotional development


  Includes the child's experience, expression, and management of emotions and the ability to establish positive and rewarding relationships with others. It encompasses both intra- and interpersonal processes. It involves the ability to identify and understand one's own feelings, accurately read and comprehend emotional states in others, manage strong emotions and their expression in a constructive manner, regulate one's own behavior, develop empathy for others, and establish and sustain relationships.
• The assumption is often made that there is a significant difference between the social-emotional adjustment of a child who is deaf and a child who hears normally. Much research shows deaf children at higher risk of emotional & behavioral difficulties than hearing children. Delay in language & communication skills leads to limited social skills with both hearing & deaf peers. Hearing loss can negatively affect a person's ability to communicate with others thereby impacting the quality of social interactions. Therefore it is not surprising that SED challenges can occur in children with hearing loss. DHH students express themselves more impulsivity, have poorer emotional regulation, and report greater fear and anxiety than their hearing peers.
• Interventions for Social-Emotional Development

  • Early identification and intervention
  • Parent training
  • Availability of advanced technological aids
  • Sign language interpreter
• Deaf Community


  A diverse group of deaf composed of different cultural, religious, ethnic and social groups. They share similar values and traditions and a common language i.e. Sign Language. Deaf community has local network managing social events.
• Teaching Approaches


  • Oral/Aural Approaches
  • Manual Approach
  • Total Communication
  • Bilingual-Bicultural Approach
• Deaf Culture


  A vibrant and rich community that encompasses individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. It's characterized by a shared language, primarily American Sign Language (ASL) in the United States, but also includes other sign languages worldwide. Deaf culture values visual communication, including sign language, facial expressions, and body language. Identity is central to deaf culture, with many individuals embracing their deafness as a defining aspect of their identity rather than a disability. Deaf cultural events, such as Deaf clubs, Deaflympics, and Deaf theater performances, provide opportunities for socialization and celebration of shared experiences. Deaf history is marked by struggles for recognition, including efforts to preserve sign languages and promote equal access to education and employment. Technology, such as cochlear implants and hearing aids, has sparked debates within the deaf community regarding their impact on cultural identity. Deaf culture emphasizes the importance of deaf pride, empowerment, and advocacy for deaf rights and accessibility. Deaf community organizations and advocacy groups play a crucial role in promoting awareness, education, and inclusion for deaf individuals in society.
• Sign Language


  A visual-gestural language used by deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals as well as those with hearing impairments to communicate with others. It relies on a combination of hand shapes, facial expressions, body movements, and gestures to convey meaning. Every country have its own sign language. Sign languages are fully developed languages with their own grammar, syntax, and vocabulary, and they vary from one region or country to another. Sign languages are distinct from spoken languages, and each sign corresponds to a word or concept in the spoken language.
• Myths and Facts about Sign Languages


  • Myth: Sign languages are universal, People will understand other countries' sign languages, All sign languages have the same grammatical structures and rules
  • Fact: Sign languages in each country have their own structure, Sign language of each country will differ from region to region, Sign languages will not be completely understood or clear to foreigners who use sign language
• Parameters of Sign Language


  • Hand Shape
  • Movement
  • Location
  • Palm Orientation
  • Non Manual Signals