Developement of asia civilization

• Agricultural success


  Gave birth to complex communities and urban cities
• Development of Civilization


  1. Discovery of agriculture leading to farming society

  2. Permanent Installation - result to the creation of villages

  3. Increased of population due to stable means of survival thru farming and domestication of animals and plants and permanent settlement resulting to the creation of local laws and rules

  4. Resulting to the development of social hierarchy

  5. From villages to city life

  6. Learn the techniques of irrigating
• Neolithic Revolution


  Far-reaching results became the basis of modern civilization
• As society was able to produce more food through farming, it supported more people
• As people grew in number, they began to build villages and cities
• They created their local laws and regulations
• Further development of farming technology, people were able to control their environment and reaped larger harvests
• Thus, it was able to meet the needs of its population
• Continued increase in population, life became complex in the communities
• Changes that occurred in their social and economic life led to the growth of various classes of people
• This changes happened through a continuous process that involved a number of generations
• Civilization


  A complex society that creates agricultural surpluses, allowing for specialized labor, social hierarchy, and the establishment of cities
• Civilization


  The word civilization came from the latin word "civitas", which means city
• What civilizations have in common


  • Advance cities
  • Religion
  • Monumental structure
  • Specialized workers
  • Complex institutions
  • Recording system
  • Technology
• Advance Cities


  • Birthplaces of civilizations
  • Center of all early civilizations
  • Large populations of individuals who did not know each other lived and interacted with one another
  • Centers of trade and commerce
• State


  An organized community that lives under a single political structure
• Religion


  A system of beliefs and behaviors that deal with the meaning of existence
• Political leaders also acted as religious leaders
• Religious leaders were different from the political rulers but still worked to justify and support the power of the political leaders
• Divine kingship


  In Ancient Egypt, the kings—later called pharaohs—practiced divine kingship, claiming to be representatives, or even human incarnations, of gods
• Specialized Workers


  • Artisans specializing in different crafts
  • Traders
  • Government officials
  • Priests
  • Artisans who provided goods and services
  • Merchants
  • Lower classes of laborers
  • Slaves
• Complex Institutions


  • Necessitated the creation of a system needed to organize life in the cities
  • The government maintained order, while religion became man's consoling support in times of challenges
• Recording Systems


  • Cuneiform writing
  • Oracle bone inscriptions
  • Quipu
• Monumental Architecture


  • Pyramids of Egypt
  • Ziggurats of Mesopotamia
  • Defensive walls
  • Sewer systems
• Technological Advancements


  • Improved stone tools
  • Scraped and polished stone tools
  • Farmers learned to use animals in farming
  • Engineering skills to create canals and irrigation systems
• Fertile Crescent Civilization


  Lies between the Twin Rivers of Tigris and Euphrates
• The regions of the Tigris-Euphrates valley are known for many names: Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and Sumer
• Sumerians


  • Used irrigation for farming
  • Learned to trade with neighboring villages
  • Developed their own cities
• City-States


  • Considered as the manor-estate of a great god
  • Heart of the Sumerian city is a temple
  • Temple administered by the priestly class
  • Priest leaders were members of the oligarchic families
• Sumerian Inventions


  • Wheels
  • Two wheeled chariots and four-wheeled carts
  • Lunar calendar
  • Principles of algebra
  • Sexagesimal system
  • Cuneiform writing
  • Tokens and clay balls for recording
• Sumerian Social Classes


  • Wealthy oligarchic families
  • Priestly leaders and specialists
  • Farmers
  • Slaves
• Land Ownership and Tenure

  • Land was the most important form of property and principal source of income
  • Families and temples controlled the best lands
  • Ownership of land had become concentrated in large estates
• Sumerian Economy


  • Produce from the fields delivered to the state owners then to the dependents
  • Goods either exchanged or traded, subject to regulation and control of the authorities
  • Prices, quantities and standards established by contract
  • Traders not allowed inside another city and must stay in places allotted for them outside the city
  • Restrictions prevented the emergence of a free market economy
• Sumerian Gods


  • Anu - god of clouds and air
  • Ea - god of water and floods
  • Enlil - god of storm and thunder
• Ziggurat


  Made up of numerous flights of stairs, shrine that houses the patron god of the city
• Sumerian City Government


  • Citizens gather in civic assembly
  • Representatives of rich families dominated the deliberations and decision-making
  • Women and children not allowed to participate
  • Assembly heard cases involving crimes and property disputes, responsible for electing the en or male consort of the goddess
  • Each city was independent
• Akkadians


  • The first empire builders
  • Semitic people
  • Sargon founded the Akkadian empire that lasted for 200 years
• Babylonian Empire


  • Babylonian nomadic warriors led by Hammurabi invaded Mesopotamia
  • Hammurabi was a military ruler and a just and wise statesman
• c assembly


  Representatives of rich families dominated in the deliberations and decision-making of the assembly
• Women and children not allowed to participate