Organisation

• What is a tissue?

  a group of cells with a similar function and structure
• What is an organ?

  a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
• What is an organ system?

  A group of organs that work together to form an organism
• Name 3 Organ Systems:

  • Digestive system
  • The nervous system
  • Cardiovascular system
• What are enzymes?

  Biological catalysts that speed up human reactions in the body
• When do enzymes denature?

  at extremely high temperatures, and when the pH is really low/ high
• What is special about the shape of an enzyme?

  It has to be the exact shape to fit the substrate and therefore work
• Where is amalayse formed?

  Salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
• Where does amalayse work?

  small intestine and mouth
• Where is protease formed?

  Stomach, pancreas and small intestine
• Where does protease work?

  Small intestine and stomach
• Where is lipase formed?

  Pancreas and small intestine
• Where does lipase work?

  Small intestine
• What do amalayses do?

  Catalyses the break down of long starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules
• What does protease do?

  Catalyses the breakdown of large protein molecules into smaller amino acids
• What do lipases do?

  Catalyses the breakdown of large fatty molecules into glycerol and fatty acids
• What are the products of digestion used for?

  to build new carbohydrate, lipids and proteins
• What is bile for?


  To neutralise stomach acid, and emulsify the fats to increase their surface area, increasing the rate of digestion
• Where is bile made and stored?

  Liver and gall bladder
• What type of circulatory system does the human body have?


  Double circulatory system
• What are the walls of the heart made of?

  Muscle tissue
• What are the 4 chamber of the heart called?

  Left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle
• What is the vena cava?

  The blood vessel that brings blood into the heart from the body
• What is the pulmonary vein?

  The blood vessel that brings in oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart
• What is the aorta?

  The aorta is the largest artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
• What is the pulmonary artery?

  The pulmonary artery is a blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
• What is the natural resting heart rate controlled by?

  a group of cells in the right atrium
• What are artificial pacemakers?

  Electronic device used to regulate the heart rate
• How are arteries adapted to their function?

  Thick walks to withstand high blood pressure
• How are veins adapted to their function?

  Large lumen as blood is at a lower pressure and valves to prevent back flow
• How are capillaries adapted to their function?

  Walls with one cell thick to allow diffusion of substances
• What is found in the blood?

  • Plasma
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets
• What is the job of red blood cells?

  To carry oxygen around the body
• What is the job of platelets?

  To clot the blood
• What happens in coronary heart disease?

  Fatty deposits build up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them
• What can be used to keep coronary arteries open?

  Stents
• What are used to lower blood cholesterol levels?

  Statins
• What are the consequences of faulty heart valves?


  Blood doesn’t circulate as normal and flows in both directions rather than one
• What can be used to replace faulty heart valves?

  Biological valves (from cows or pigs) or mechanical valves
• What is health?


  The state of physical and mental well-being