“You are like a murderer – you are like a slave-driver – you are like the Roman emperors!” – Jane Eyre, Chapter 1
Jane is responding to John’s behaviour by comparing him to three figures who embody cruelty, oppression and injustice
By standing up to John, Jane shows her intolerance of injustice, even when she knows she will be punished for it
Brontë is showing that the refusal to accept injustice is one of the fundamental aspects of Jane’s character
Brontë is also illustrating the way that people with power can behave unjustly towards those without power
“Women are supposed to be very calm generally: but women feel just as men feel; they need exercise for their faculties” – Jane Eyre, Chapter 12
By showing Jane’s dissatisfaction, Brontë is illustrating unjust attitudes towards women’s abilities and strengths:
Jane notes that women need to use their minds just as much as men do, but are unable to do so
By referring to a “field for their efforts”, Jane is indicating the limited practical opportunities for women compared with men
“Revenge never worries my heart, injustice never crushes me too low” – Helen Burns, Chapter 6
Jane’s rejection of Helen’s views illustrates Brontë’s certainty that people should never accept injustice, even in the context of religious belief
“He is a good and a great man.. in pursuing his own largeviews” – JaneEyre, Chapter 35
Jane’s comment about St John shows Brontë’s awareness thatextremereligious beliefs can be cruel and disempowering for others
“Most things free-born will submit to anything for a salary” – Mr Rochester, Chapter14
Rochesterdemonstrates the power of people in his social class over those of a lower social class.
He argues that money can buyanything, includingobedience, even when it contradicts someone’s moralviews
Brontë is showing the cynicism and disregard with which people of Rochester’s class are able to treat those of lower social status, even if they are “free-born” (i.e. not slaves)
“Do you think, because I am poor.. I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!” – Jane Eyre, Chapter 23
Jane fights back against Rochester’s cruel disregard for her feelings
Jane’s anger towards Rochester demonstrates her belief that all human beings are equally entitled to respect
“I should wish her to be brought up in a manner suiting her prospects” –MrsReed, Chapter4
Jane’s “prospects”, or lifechoices, are very limited:
As an orphan with no money, Jane will have to work or marry in order to survive
Mrs Reed could educate Jane along with her own daughters, but chooses not to
Brontë is illustrating the extremely limited options for someone of Jane’s social class
“Reader, I married him” – Jane Eyre, Chapter 38
In this statement, Brontë reverses the more conventional “he married me”, making Jane the subject of the sentence
Brontë suggests a reversal of the power dynamic that has characterised Jane’s relationship with Rochester throughout the novel
Brontë presents their marriage as a happy one, with Rochester regarding Jane as his “equal”
This represents Brontë’s ideal of an egalitarianmarriage, with mutual respect and enjoyment of each other’s company
“Reader, though I look very comfortably.. I am not very tranquil in my mind” – Jane Eyre, Chapter 11
Brontë wants to give readers access to Jane’s thoughts, without the intervention of a third-person narrator
It also means that nobody contradicts Jane’s view, unless she chooses to report that
Brontë demonstrates her belief that a woman’s voice is as valid and powerful as a man:
This challenges 19th-century gender norms, which regarded women’s voices and ideas as having far less credibility and importance
“The strange little figure there gazing at me” – Jane Eyre, Chapter 2
“I saw a robed and veiled figure, so unlike my usual self that it seemed almost the image of a stranger” – Jane Eyre, Chapter 26
Both quotations show Jane regarding, assessing and describing her reflection in the mirror:
The words “strange” and “stranger” are used in each case to convey her alienation
There is something uncanny about the way Jane both recognises and does not recognise her own image
Brontë uses Jane’s alienation and sense of foreboding as a foreshadowingdevice
“i was like nobody there” - chapter 2
Jane is narrating her formative experience at Gateshead with the Reeds.
the simile shows she was not in harmony with them.
she wasn’t regarded as their social equal (she valuesequality for all).
“i like this day“ “like thorn-field” “i like the sternness and stillness” - chapter 16
anaphora = repetition of “ilike” emphasises her fondness.
highlights how reluctant she is to leave yet proves how she prioritises her self-worth.
“long night passed in ghostly wakefulness“ - chapter 3
personification of the night, she is alone + sees the night as her companion
she longs for peaceful sleep.
Gothic imagery “ghostly” highlights a figment of her stressed mind.
”your mind is my treasure” - Theme of Love
showing her deep underlying life for Rochester
“i am no bird and no net ensnares me” - independence
Jane asserting her autonomy and strength in character as victorian women progressing her bildungsroman