STATS

• Data that involve one variable is called univariate data.
• Univariate data are often described using measures of central tendency (mean or average, mode, and median), variations, or other descriptive statistics.
• Data that involve two variables are called bivariate data.
• The statistical procedure used to determine and describe the relationship between two variables is called correlation analysis.
• A scatter plot, scatter graph, scatter diagram, or scattergram is a graphical representation that shows the relationship or the correlation of two variables of bivariate data.
• Scatter plot shows how points collected from a set of bivariate data are scattered on a Cartesian plane.
• The independent variable will assume the values of x or abscissa while the dependent variable will assume the values of y or ordinate. 
• Scatter Plot - graphof two variables in arectangular coordinateplane displaying arelationship betweenthe two variables
• Input Variable (x)independent variable.

  controlled variable

  Cannot be affected by other variable
• output variable (Y)

  dependent variable

  results from the controlled variable.

  affected by changes in the independent variable
• The FORM OF POINTS in the scatter plot determines the shape ofTHE CORRELATION OF THE VARIABLES.
• The TREND determines the direction of the points, either thevariables have POSITIVE, NEGATIVE, OR NO CORRELATION.
• The variation or strength of correlation is based on thecloseness of the points on a trend line and it determineswhether the variables have no, weak, moderate, strong, orperfect correlation.
• The correlation of the variables can be described in terms ofform (shape), trend (direction), and variation (strength)of scatter plot.
• The form of correlation can be determined by the shape ofpoints on a scatter plot categorized as linear or curvilinear.
• The form of correlation is linear if the points on scatter plotfollow a trend of straight line.
• The form of scatter plot is non-linear if the points follow a trendof curve line.
• exists when highvalues of one variablecorrespond to highvalues of anothervariable or low valuesof one variablecorrespond to lowvalues of anothervariable.

  A positive correlation
• exists when highvalues of one variablecorrespond to lowvalues of anothervariable or low valuesof one variablecorrespond to highvalues of anothervariable.

  A negativecorrelation
• existswhen high values ofone variablecorrespond to eitherhigh or low values ofanother variable.

  A negligiblecorrelation
• This correlation exists whenalmost all of the points are onthe line or the points areclosely scattered on thetrend line that rises from leftto right.

  Strong PositiveCorrelation
• Compared to strong positivecorrelation, the points in thiscorrelation are scattered a bitfar from the trend line fromleft to right.

  Weak Positive
• The points in this correlationdo not follow any trend line.The points are just scatteredaround the Cartesian plane.

  No Correlation orNegligible Correlation
• This correlation exists whenthe points are moderatelyscattered rising from right toleft.

  Weak NegativeCorrelation
• This correlation exists when the points are moderately scattered rising from right toleft.

  Moderate NegativeCorrelation
• This correlation exists whenalmost all of the points are onthe line or the points areclosely scattered on thetrend line that rises fromright to left.

  Strong NegativeCorrelation
• Outlier – is an unusual observation that is extremely high or extremelylow. In a scatter plot, an outlier is a point that is far from the clusterof other points.
• Hypothesis Testing is a process wherein we make decisions in evaluating claims about the population based on the characteristics of a sample taken from the same population.
• A test hypothesis where the alternative hypothesis is one-sided is called a one-tailed test.
• If the alternative hypothesis is two-sided, then we call it a two-tailed test.
• THE CELL - Smallest unit of living things

  Perform life functions.

  - Capable of exchanging materials with the

  surroundingDiverse but have common characteristics