Federalism

• Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment

  • Education
  • Health and safety
  • Local government
  • Commerce
  • Other
• Education


  • Creating school systems, maintaining public schools, and setting laws for legal drinking and smoking ages
• Health and safety


  • Protecting public health and safety, regulating marriage and divorce, and supporting the public health of citizens
• Local government


  • Establishing local governments, issuing licenses for marriage, hunting, and driving, and managing local government
• Commerce


  • Managing business and trade within the state, regulating intrastate commerce, and maintaining state highways
• Federal Government

  • Ratifying constitutional amendments, declaring war, managing foreign relations, and overseeing trade between states and with other countries
• Both the federal government and state governments have the power to tax, make and enforce laws, charter banks, and borrow money. These powers are called concurrent powers. 
• These enumerated powers include, among other things, the power to levy taxes, regulate commerce, establish a uniform law of naturalization, establish federal courts (subordinate to the Supreme Court), establish and maintain a military, and declare war.
• Dual Federalism: A system where the federal government and the state governments have equal powers.

  • Narrowly interpret
  • Layer Cake
• Cooperative Federalism: A system of government in which the federal government and the states work together to solve problems.

  • Broad interpret
  • Marble Cake
• The Constutional Convention (1787): The convention was a meeting of delegates from the 13 states.
• The Great Compromise: This compromise established two houses of Congress—the House of Representatives and the Senate.
• The Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee individual rights such as freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
• Virginia Plan:

  • Apportioning by population
  • Large State Plan
  • Bicameral
• New Jersey Plan:

  • Apportioning based off equality
  • 2 each no matter size
  • Unicameral
• 3/5 Compromise: Count 3/5 of slave population and count them 3/5 tax
• Compromise on the Importation of Slaves: Not touch for 20yrs, later then abolished.