ENGLISH

• Features of Speech


  • Stress
  • Intonation
  • Phrasing
  • Gesture
• Stress


  Emphasis on a syllable in a word (Noun: First syllable, Verb: Second syllable)
• Intonation


  Rise and fall of voice
• Phrasing


  Dividing statements into units to help the listener digest each idea
• Gesture


  Movement of any part of the body to emphasize thoughts or emotions
• Types of text


  • Narrative text
  • Journalistic text
  • Expository text
  • Persuasive text
• Narrative text


  Tells a story, recounts events
• Journalistic text


  Informs about an event, presents facts (news, publications, articles)
• Expository text


  Raises awareness of social issues by weighing facts and explaining ideas
• Persuasive text


  Encourages readers to change perspective, act towards transformation
• East Asian Literature


  Influenced by nature and diverse culture
• Characteristics of Chinese civilization


  • Oldest civilization in the world dating back to the Shang Dynasty in 1765 B.C.
  • Known as "The Red Dragon"
  • The Zhou Dynasty followed by the Shang Dynasty was the period when philosophies of Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism originated
• Confucius


  Perhaps the greatest philosopher the world has known
• Kung Fu-Tze


  Confucius
• Books by Confucius


  • Analects of Confucius
  • The Wisdom of Confucius
• The finest era of Chinese literature was the Tang Dynasty, when known poets created landmark works unrivaled elsewhere in the world
• Tu Fu


  Poet-historian for his portrayal of the social and political disorders of his time and is also noted for his artistry and craftsmanship
• Li Po


  One the leading Chinese poets of the 8th century, his writings deal with the good things of life with the pathos of human-destiny, love and friendship
• Notable Chinese writers


  • Mo Yan
  • Yu Hua
  • Wang Shuo
  • Shi Tiesheng
• Remarkable Chinese stories


  • Gao Xiasheng - The Broken Betrothal
  • Wang Zengqi - Loneliness and Warmth
  • Zhang Chengzhi - The River in the North
• Japan


  Known as "The Land of the Rising Sun"
• Earliest writings from ancient Japan


  • The Records of Ancient Matters in Kojiki (A.D 712)
  • The Chronicles of Japan or Nihongi (A.D 720)
• Types of Japanese drama


  • Noh Play
  • Bunraku/Joruri Play
  • Kabuki Play
• Noh Play


  The national theater of Japan, the oldest surviving form of Japanese theater, combines music, dance, and acting to communicate Buddhist themes
• Bunraku/Joruri Play


  Also known as the "Doll Theater" or the puppet play, the puppets are beautifully made and lifelike in size, the strings are expertly manipulated and the dialogue are realistically interpreted
• Kabuki Play


  The play of the masses, less intellectual, more realistic, and sensational
• Japanese poetry collections


  • Man Shu (Collection of Myriad Leaves)
  • The collection of One Hundred Persons
• Haiku


  Shortest form of Japanese poetry but most popular, has 3 lines with 7-5 syllables
• Tanka


  A 5 line poem with 5-7-5-7-7 syllables
• Korea


  Known as the "Land of the Morning Calm" in South Korea while "The Hermit Kingdom" in North Korea
• The English name Korea derives from the word Goryeo
• Influences on early Korean literature


  • Shamanism
  • Buddhism
  • Confucianism
• Themes emphasized in early Korean literature


  • God was rewarded
  • Evil was punished
  • Loyalty to the King
  • Respect for one's elders
  • True friendship
• Hyangga


  Early Korean poems
• Shijo


  A 3-line poem with 14 to 16 syllables that developed after the Goryeo Dynasty
• Modern Korean Literature gradually developed under the influence of Western cultural contacts based on trade and economic development
• The first printed work of fiction in Korean was John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress (Cheonno - yeokjeong in Korean)
• Christianity found its way into Korea, having the first complete edition of the Bible in Korean published in 1910
• The Korean war which led to the creation of North and South Korea has created an indelible mark on Korean literature
• Themes present in Korean literature since the 1950s


  • Alienation
  • Conscience
  • Disintegration