Human Reproduction

    Cards (59)

    • Reproduction
      One of the 8 characteristics of living things
    • Two types of reproduction
      • Asexual
      • Sexual
    • Asexual reproduction
      • Cells in one part of the body divide by mitosis and then break off from the parent to form a new organism
      • All the offspring are genetically identical
    • Sexual reproduction
      • Sex cells called gametes are produced
      • There are two types, a male gamete and a female
      • The male gamete must move to the female gamete and fuse with it (fertilisation)
      • The new cell formed is called a zygote
    • Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
      1. Zygote
      2. Embryo
      3. Egg
      4. Sperm
    • Reproduction in humans
      • Sexual reproduction with internal fertilisation
    • Gametes
      Haploid cells with half the amount of DNA (23 chromosomes)
    • Male anatomy
      • Adapted to produce sperm and deposit it in the female
    • Female anatomy
      • Adapted to receive the sperm and grow a baby
    • Humans can only reproduce sexually but in the wider world, many animal and plant species use both types of reproduction
    • Vagina
      Used for sexual intercourse, the sperm are deposited here
    • Differences between asexual and sexual reproduction
      • Asexual: Produces genetically identical organisms (clones)
      • Asexual: Only needs one parent
      • Asexual: Uses mitosis
      • Asexual: Produces large numbers in short time
      • Asexual: Only source of genetic variation is mutation
      • Sexual: Produces genetically different organisms
      • Sexual: Needs two parents
      • Sexual: Uses meiosis to make gamete and then mitosis to grow in size after fertilisation
      • Sexual: Slower and produces limited numbers
      • Sexual: Offspring show variation
    • Cervix
      A ring of muscle that holds the developing embryo in the uterus
    • Asexual reproduction is quick
      1. Coli reproduce sexually
    • Uterus
      Where the embryo grows
    • Asexual reproduction uses mitosis
    • Asexual reproduction creates offspring with variation
    • Endometrium
      Has a good blood supply so the embryo can implant and grow
    • Sexual reproduction can be done with one parent
    • Ovary
      Produces ova and sex hormones
    • Sexual reproduction uses gametes
    • Gametes are haploid cells
    • Fallopian tube
      The egg will travel down here where it will meet the sperm and fertilisation will occur
    • The new cell formed in sexual reproduction is a zygote
    • Female anatomy
      • Urethral opening in front of vagina, anus behind
    • A zygote has 46 chromosomes
    • Some plants can do both sexual and asexual reproduction
    • Female anatomy
      • Bladder
      • Urethra
      • Anus
      • Fallopian tube
      • Ovary
      • Uterus
      • Cervix
      • Vagina
      • Endometrium
    • Gardeners take cuttings to clone plants, because it is easy/simple, no cost, and the parent plant has desirable characteristics
    • Testis
      Where sperm are made
    • Scrotum
      Contains the testes outside the main part of the body, 2°C cooler which is optimum for sperm production
    • Sperm duct
      Muscular tube that stores sperm and then forces them along during ejaculation
    • Glands
      Produce the liquid that's added to sperm to make it semen
    • Urethra
      The semen passes down here and into the vagina during sexual intercourse
    • Penis
      The semen then passes down the urethra and into the vagina during sexual intercourse
    • Bladder
      The urethra is also connected to the bladder and is used to excrete urine
    • Male anatomy
      • Bladder
      • Testis
      • Urethra
      • Penis
      • Glands
      • Scrotum
      • Anus
    • Journey of a sperm
      1. Produced in testes
      2. Mix with liquid from glands to make semen
      3. Ejaculated into vagina
      4. Swim through cervix and into uterus
      5. Swim up oviduct (Fallopian tube)
    • The journey of a sperm takes 10 hours of constant swimming, many sperm die during the journey, only the strongest survive
    See similar decks