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BIOLOGY
Human Reproduction
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Reproduction
One of the
8
characteristics of living things
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Two types of reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
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Asexual reproduction
Cells in one part of the body divide by
mitosis
and then
break
off from the parent to form a new organism
All the offspring are
genetically identical
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Sexual reproduction
Sex cells called
gametes
are produced
There are two types, a
male gamete
and a
female
The
male
gamete must move to the
female
gamete and fuse with it (fertilisation)
The new cell formed is called a
zygote
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Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
1.
Zygote
2.
Embryo
3.
Egg
4.
Sperm
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Reproduction in humans
Sexual reproduction
with
internal fertilisation
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Gametes
Haploid
cells with half the amount of DNA (
23
chromosomes)
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Male anatomy
Adapted to produce
sperm
and
deposit
it in the female
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Female anatomy
Adapted to receive the
sperm
and grow a
baby
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Humans can only reproduce
sexually
but in the wider world, many animal and plant species use
both
types of reproduction
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Vagina
Used for
sexual
intercourse, the
sperm
are deposited here
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Differences between asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual: Produces genetically
identical
organisms (clones)
Asexual: Only needs
one
parent
Asexual: Uses
mitosis
Asexual: Produces
large
numbers in short time
Asexual: Only source of genetic variation is
mutation
Sexual: Produces genetically
different
organisms
Sexual: Needs
two
parents
Sexual: Uses meiosis to make
gamete
and then
mitosis
to grow in size after fertilisation
Sexual:
Slower
and produces
limited
numbers
Sexual:
Offspring
show
variation
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Cervix
A ring of muscle that holds the developing embryo in the uterus
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Asexual
reproduction is
quick
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Coli reproduce
sexually
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Uterus
Where the embryo
grows
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Asexual
reproduction uses
mitosis
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Asexual reproduction
creates
offspring
with variation
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Endometrium
Has a good
blood supply
so the embryo can
implant
and grow
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Sexual reproduction can be done with
one parent
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Ovary
Produces
ova
and
sex
hormones
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Sexual reproduction uses
gametes
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Gametes
are
haploid
cells
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Fallopian tube
The egg will travel down here where it will meet the
sperm
and
fertilisation
will occur
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The new cell formed in sexual reproduction is a
zygote
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Female anatomy
Urethral
opening in front of
vagina
, anus behind
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A
zygote
has
46
chromosomes
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Some plants can do both
sexual
and
asexual
reproduction
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Female anatomy
Bladder
Urethra
Anus
Fallopian
tube
Ovary
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Endometrium
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Gardeners
take cuttings to clone plants, because it is easy/simple, no cost, and the parent plant has
desirable characteristics
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Testis
Where
sperm
are made
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Scrotum
Contains the testes outside the main part of the body,
2°C
cooler which is optimum for
sperm
production
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Sperm duct
Muscular tube that stores
sperm
and then forces them along during
ejaculation
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Glands
Produce the liquid that's added to
sperm
to make it
semen
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Urethra
The
semen
passes down here and into the
vagina
during sexual intercourse
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Penis
The semen then passes down the
urethra
and into the
vagina
during sexual intercourse
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Bladder
The
urethra
is also connected to the bladder and is used to
excrete
urine
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Male anatomy
Bladder
Testis
Urethra
Penis
Glands
Scrotum
Anus
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Journey of a sperm
1. Produced in
testes
2. Mix with liquid from
glands
to make
semen
3. Ejaculated into
vagina
4. Swim through
cervix
and into
uterus
5. Swim up
oviduct
(Fallopian tube)
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The journey of a sperm takes
10
hours of constant swimming, many sperm
die
during the journey, only the strongest survive
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