DRRR

• Volcano


  Geological features formed when molten rock, ash, and gas escape from the Earth's surface
• Volcanic Hazard


  Observable facts arising due to volcanic activity such as eruption
• Volcanic Eruption


  Dangerous event that may happen, resulting in different hazards
• Parts of the Volcano


  • The Crater
  • Magma Chamber
  • Conduit
  • Fumarole
• The Crater


  Bowl-shaped depression at the top of the volcano that forms when the summit collapses after an eruption
• Magma Chamber


  Large underground cavity or reservoir where molten rock (magma) is stored before it erupts
• Conduit


  Long, narrow channel that connects the magma chamber to the surface of the volcano. Magma rises through the conduit and erupts
• Fumarole


  Vent on the surface of the volcano that emits steam, gas, and other materials. Found near the summit
• Classification of Volcanoes

  • Active
  • Dormant
  • Extinct
• Types of Volcanoes (based on structures)

  • Shield Volcano
  • Composite Volcano
  • Lava Domes
  • Cinder Cones
• Shield Volcano


  Large broad slopes, fluid lava flow
• Composite Volcano


  Steep and symmetrical, explosive eruptions
• Lava Domes


  Small with steep sides, oozes viscous lava
• Cinder Cones


  Smallest, single vent, erupts cinders, ash, and rocks
• Volcano Alert Levels


  • Low Level Unrest - No entry within 6 km
  • Moderate Unrest - No entry within 6-7 km
  • Relatively High Unrest
  • Intense Unrest - No entry within 8 km or more
  • Hazardous Eruption Ongoing - Eruption ongoing, get as far as possible
• Hazards from Volcanic Eruption and Its Characteristics

  • Ash Fall
  • Pyroclastic Flow
  • Volcanic Avalanche
  • Ballistic Projectile
  • Volcanic Gasses
  • Lava Flow
• Ash Fall


  Mixture of rock, mineral, and glass particles expelled from a volcano during a volcanic eruption. Hard, does not dissolve in water, Very grained
• Pyroclastic Flow


  Mixtures of ash, gasses, and rock fragments moving fast and flowing downhill. Formed from explosive eruption, can cause great damage and destruction
• Volcanic Avalanche


  Large movement of accumulated ash and debris in a volcano after an eruption. Soft surface when stepped upon, grayish physical properties, after an excessive ashfall or pyroclastic flow
• Ballistic Projectile


  Made of Fragments of Magma and Old Pre-Existing Rocks. Solid and Fluid. Centimeters to Tens of Meters in Diameter. Travels up to Hundreds of m/s. Can Land up to 10km from the Vent but usually Travel from 2km-5km
• Volcanic Gasses


  Gasses given off by active volcanoes. These include gases trapped in cavities in volcanic rocks, dissolved or dissociated gases in magma and lava, or gases emanating from lava, from volcanic craters or vents
• Lava Flow


  Movement of molten rock, typically from a volcano, as it cascades down the volcano's slopes or spreads across the surrounding terrain
• Landslide


  Ground movement on a sloping terrain
• Cause of Landslide

  • Geology
  • Morphology
  • Human Activity
• Geology


  Material of the soil or rock in the area or can be the layers of earth as we can or stiffened in some part
• Morphology


  Structure of the land. The soil or rock has weakened through loss of vegetation or root system which holds the soil in place
• Human Activity


  To make way for agriculture and construction, trees are needed to be cut down
• Rainfall Induced Landslides


  Can form debris flows when they mix with additional water and sediments from their path
• Mining is one of the major human-made causes of Landslides
• Types of Landslides

  • Soil Creep Landslide
  • Slumping Landslide
  • Debris Flow Landslide
  • Rock Fall Landslide
• Sinkhole


  Topographic depression created when groundwater dissolves the underlying limestone bedrock. Often known as "sink" or "doline"
• Types of Sinkholes

  • Cover subsidence sinkhole
  • Dissolution Sinkhole
  • Artificial Sinkhole
• PAGASA - Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration
• Sea Level Rise


  Increase in the global sea level over time
• Typhoon


  Type of tropical cyclone that forms in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
• Storm Surge


  Abnormal rise on the sea level along a coastline, typically associated with hurricanes, tropical cyclones, and severe storms
• Coastal Erosion


  Process by which the land and shoreline along a coast are gradually worn away reshaped by action of waves, currents, tides, and weathering
• Meteorological Tools


  • Standard weather station
  • Rain Gauge
  • Anemometer
  • Weather Satellite
  • Wind Vane
  • Thermometer