genome research in medicine

• Human Genome Project (HGP)


  A major international research effort that aimed to map out the complete human genetic code
• When were scientists across the globe worked together to sequence all 3 billion DNA base pairs that make up the human genome?

  1990 to 2003
• The HGP identified around 20,500 human genes and has so far found about 2,000 genes linked to diseases
• Understanding the human genome

  • Has opened up new possibilities for medicine, genetic research, and personalised healthcare
• Human genome


  • Helps understand how genetic diseases work so preventative steps can be taken
  • Allows people to get screened to detect health risks early and start treatment sooner
  • Aids diagnosis and treatment of inherited disorders by letting us quickly identify faulty genes
  • Enables new personalised drugs and therapies tailored to a patient's specific genetic makeup (personalised medicine)
• Drawbacks of genetic screening

  1. Learning about their genetic risks can cause stress and mental health issues for some people.
  2. Genetic discrimination may lead to unfair treatment in jobs and insurance for those with certain gene variants. Strict regulations are needed to prevent gene-based bias.
  3. There are concerns about the misuse of genetic data by employers and insurers, emphasising the need for privacy protections.
• In the context of the Human Genome Project, how does understanding genes contribute to the treatment of inherited disorders?

  By tailoring treatments based on an individual's unique genetic makeup
• How does the Human Genome Project enhance our understanding of the link between genes and diseases?

  By mapping the entire human genome and revealing genetic variations