MDL 244 mastered

• A specific component of the adaptive immune system formed in response to antigenic stimulation is

  immunoglobulin
• A child who contracts a contagious disease from an older sibling could develop ______ immunity against the disease

  natural-active
• tears, saliva, and other body secretions typically contain

  IgA
• Which immunoglobulin (Ig) class is the first to be manifested after antigen exposure


  IgM
• Which immunoglobulin (Ig) class is produced in the highest concentration in a secondary response?

  IgG
• The most effective antigens are:

  proteins with a molecular weigh of more than 60,000
• Igm is:

  - produced during primary response

  - has the largest molecular weight of all the immunoglobulin classes

  -it fixes complement
• The number of antigen binding sites found in a typical molecule of IgM is:

  10
• Which of the following immunoglobulin subclasses is best at fixing complement

  IgM
• Haptens are characterized as being:

  antigenic when coupled to a carrier molecule
• In the first line of non-specific body defense, intact skin, is cut with piece of glass contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, which cellular component of the immune system quickly responds?

  Neutrophils
• When a basophil degranulates, it releases

  histamine and heparin
• Which reaction is associated with antigen-stimulated T cells?

  Cytokine production
• B lymphocytes

  - demonstrate surface immunoglobulin

  - differentiate into plasma cells with antigenic stimulation

  - participate in an anamnestic response as memory cells
• The function(s) of the complement system include

  -host defense against infection such as chemotaxis.

  - clearance of apoptic cells

  - clearance of immune complex systems
• The complement component found in all the pathways is

  C3
• The major source of occupationally- acquired HIV is exposure to

  blood
• which of the following screening procedure are commonly performed using latex agglutination

  rheumatoid factors
• The measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used for any of the following except

  diagnosis of viral septicemia
• false positive errors in serologic testin can be caused by

  inadequate dispersal of a centrifuged serum-cell mixture
• false-negative errors in serologic testing can be caused by

  undercentrifugation of test tubes
• the chemical bonds of importance in agglutination reactions are

  ionic bonds, hydrophobic bonds, and hydrogen bonds
• the lattice hypothesis states that na optimal reaction occurs between antigen and antibody when

  antigen and antibody are present in approximately equal proportions
• The force of attraction between an antibody and a single antigenic determinant is:


  affinity
• The strength of an agglutination reaction can be enhanced by:

  - centrifugation

  - used of low-ionic strength saline

  - use of albumin
• An advantage of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) compared to radioimmunoassay (RIA) is:

  no radioactive hazardous waste
• Indirect labels, such as enzymes, are attached to ______________ depending on the assay format.

  antibody, antigen, and DNA probes
• Which of the following is an undesirable characteristic of antibodies used in enzyme immunoassay?

  high cross- reactivity
• To be used in enzyme immunoassay (EIA), an enzyme must have:

  a high amount of stability and extreme specificity
• ndirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) is widely used for the detection of:

  autoantibodies, antibody to tissue antigen, and antibody to cellular antigen
• A nephelometric immunoassay is an example of a(an):

  homogenous immunoassay
• Nephelometry is commonly used to assay all of the following except:

  IgE
• The important applications of PCR include all of the following except:

  identification of an unknown target sequence
• Reverse transcriptase PCR applications include identification of:

  HIV and HCV
• The advantages of molecular testing include all of the following except:

  decreased sensitivity
• Exon


  Transcribed region of a gene, present on mature mRNA
• Avidity


  Strength of bond between antigen and antibody
• Sex-linked inheritance


  Refers to an allele carried on the X chromosome
• Phenotype


  Inherited traits expressed in an individual
• Mitosis


  Cell division and replication creating 2 daughter cells