Comm Res Finals

• Important Basis to anchor Research

  • UN's Sustainable Development Goals
  • Updated Philippine Development Plan 2017 - 2022
  • National Integrated Basic Research Agenda and Priority Areas of an Agency
  • CHED Priority Research Areas in the Social Sciences - NHERA 2 (CHED Memo Order No. 41, s. 2010)
  • University, College, and LGU Research Agenda
• Collaborators


  • Internal - Collaborators within the College or other Colleges (If doing multidisciplinary studies)
  • External - Collaborators of Researchers abroad
• Call for Papers


  • Scopus
  • Web of Science
  • Asean Citation Index
  • ERA 2015 | Excellence in Research for Australia
  • Journal Incentive Program
  • APCI | Andrew Gonzales Philippine Citation Index
• Program


  Consists of interested R&D projects requiring a multi-disciplinary approach to meet established goals within a specific time frame
• Project


  The basic unit in the investigation to meet pre-determined objective within a specific timeframe
• Program/Project Leader


  The overall in charge of the R&D
• Research Assistants


  Those who are not qualified as program/project proponent ay qualify as co-proponent/s and research assistants
• Research Assistants


  • Bonafide students
  • Administrative employees of a university
• Significance


  Justification or rationale for doing the research
• Significance


  • Brief introduction, the problem/need being addressed
  • Historical basis for R&D
  • Utilization of the expected output
  • Socioeconomic benefits
  • Possible impact on the users, beneficiaries, and country
• Literature Review


  To establish theoretical underpinnings, support claims on significance, and be updated on recent conversation
• Objectives


  Statement of general and specific objectives of the proposed research, using "To" + action verb
• Expected Output


  Results to be expected from the conduct of research, such as particular product, technology, process, knowledge, etc.
• Target Beneficiaries


  End-users or beneficiaries of the research output and the number, including locality if applicable
• Informed Consent Form


  A written, signed and dated document signifying consent, including name, age, address, statements of consent, and signatures
• Methods


  Brief information on how the research will be conducted, including research design, participants, data collection and analysis, and may include conceptual/theoretical framework
• Plan for Dissemination of Findings

  • Grantor
  • Extension Projects
  • Paper presentations
  • Journal Articles
  • Book chapters
  • Others
• References


  American Psychological Association 7 (APA)
• Appendices


  • Research instrument
  • Rating scales
  • Consent Forms
  • Others
• Types of Qualitative Research

  • Ethnography
  • Phenomenological
  • Narrative
  • Grounded Theory
  • Case Study
  • Historical
• Ethnography Method


  Describe cultural characteristics by identifying cultural aspects and variables, getting involved in the environment, and collecting data through observation and interaction
• Phenomenological Method


  Describe the experiences, events, or situations from different angles by sampling, data collection, and describing the experiences
• Narrative Method


  Collect data in the form of a cohesive story by reviewing the sequence of events and conducting interviews to describe the largest influences that affected an individual
• Grounded Theory Method


  Used to develop theory, identify social development and ways to deal with it, involving the formulation and testing of data until the theory is developed
• Case Study Method


  Describe an experience, person, event, or place in detail through direct observation and interaction with the subject
• Historical Method


  Describe and examine past events to understand present patterns and predict future scenarios by developing ideas, questions, identifying sources, clarifying reliability and validity, creating a research outline, and collecting and analyzing data
• Goals of Qualitative Research Design


  • Understanding the meaning for participants
  • Understanding the particular context and its influence
  • Identifying unanticipated phenomena and influences
  • Understanding the processes by which events and actions take place
  • Developing causal explanations
• Research Problems


  Qualitative studies are concerned with the interpretation and critical analysis of meanings rather than causal explanation of variables
• Robert Craig's 7 Communication Traditions

  • Rhetorical
  • Semiotic
  • Phenomenological
  • Cybernetic
  • Socio-psychological
  • Socio-cultural
  • Critical
• Criterion Sampling


  Criterion derived from a theoretical definition or commonly understood definitions of the case
• Maximum Variation Sampling


  Based on a range of qualities, attributes, situations, or incidents of the phenomenon under study, to ensure many variations are explored
• Snowball Sampling


  Yields a study sample through referrals made among people who share or know of others who possess some characteristics that are of research interest
• Typical-Case Sampling


  Attempts to capture the typical (or normative) form of phenomenon, with the goal of being illustrative rather than definitive
• Atypical-Case Sampling


  Focuses on rare, exotic, excessive, extraordinary, and/or controversial cases, to achieve deep understanding and emphasize the universality of human experience
• Observation


  Attempts to capture life as experienced by the research participants rather than through predetermined categories, involving direct contact and exploratory data collection
• What is Observed?


  • Actors or participants
  • Acts, activities, and events
  • What people say
  • Relationships between people
  • Physical setting
  • Documents
  • Everyday details
• How Do We Document Observation?

  • Audio Recording
  • Video Recording
  • Fieldnotes
• Observation Modalities

  • Known Participant
  • Known Nonparticipant
  • Unknown Participant
  • Unknown Nonparticipant
• Interview


  Semi-structured based on researcher's interests but prioritizes respondent's more spontaneous descriptions and narratives, involving briefing, asking WHAT and HOW questions, and debriefing
• Interview Modalities


  • Face-to-Face Interview
  • Telephone Interview
  • Online Interview