SAC2

• Learning


  Process of acquiring knowledge, skills, or behaviours
• Reinforcement


  Increases likelihood of behaviour reoccurring
• Positive reinforcement


  Addition of desirable stimulus that increases likelihood of behaviour reoccurring
• Negative reinforcement


  Removal of an undesirable stimulus that increases likelihood of behaviour reoccurring
• Punishment


  Decreases likelihood of behaviour recurring
• Positive punishment


  Addition of undesirable stimulus that decreases the likelihood of behaviour reoccurring
• Negative punishment


  Removal of desirable stimulus that decreases the likelihood of behaviour reoccurring
• Social-cognitive approaches to learning

  Learning takes place in a social setting and involves various cognitive processes
• Observational learning


  Learning that involves watching a behaviour and the associated consequence of the behaviour
• Model (observational learning)


  Individual who is performing the behaviour being observed
• Attention (observational learning)


  Actively focus on the behaviour and consequences
• Retention (observational learning)


  Create a mental representation to remember the demonstrated behaviour
• Reproduction


  Have the physical and mental capabilities to replicate behaviour
• Motivation (observational learning)


  Desire to reproduce the behaviour
• Reinforcement (observational learning


  Receives a consequence that determines the likelihood of recurrence
• Memory


  Process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information
• Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory

  Outlines the three separate stores of memory
• Rehearsal


  Consciously repeating information in short-term memory
• Encoding


  Process of converting information into a useable form
• Storage


  Retention of information over time
• Retrieval


  Process of accessing information in the LTM and bringing it into the STM
• Explicit memory


  Consciously retrieved memory
• Semantic memory


  Consists of general facts and knowledge (explicit)
• Episodic memory


  Consists of personal experiences and events (explicit)
• Implicit memory


  Long-term memory that is unconsciously retrieved
• Procedural memory


  Knowing how to carry out tasks facilitated by motor skills
• Classical conditioned memory


  Involuntary responses to a stimulus that has been associated with an emotionally-arousing stimulus
• Hippocampus


  Involved in encoding explicit memories
• Amygdala


  Involved in encoding emotional components of memories
• Neocortex


  Stores explicit memories
• Basal ganglia


  Stores and encodes implicit memories
• Cerebellum


  Encodes and stores implicit memories
• Autobiographical events


  Personally lived experiences
• Possible imagined futures


  Hypothetical experiences and situations that an individual has the ability to creat in their mind
• Neurodegenrative diseases


  Disease characterised by the progressive loss of neurons in the brain
• Aphantasia


  Individuals lack capacity to generate mental imagery
• Mental imagery


  Visual representations without the presence of sensory stimuli
• Mnemonics


  Devices used to aid memory
• Acronym


  First letter of items form a pronounceable word to aid memory
• Acrostic


  First letters of items create a phrase