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intro to memory
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Elise Turner
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Cards (5)
One
limitation
of
Baddeley's
study
was
that
it
used
artificial
stimuli
rather
than
meaningful
material.
The
word
lists
had
no
personal
meaning
to
participants.
This
means
it
is
hard
to
generalise
the
findings
to
different
kinds
of
memory
tasks
in
real
life.
For
example
,
when
processing
more
meaningful
information
,
people
may
use
semantic
coding
even
for
STM
tasks.
This
suggests
that
the
findings
from
this
study
have
limited
application.
A
limitation
of
Jacob's
study
it
that
it
was
conducted
a
long
time
ago
and
early
research
in
psychology
often
lacked adequate control.
For
example
,
some
participants
may
have
been
distracted
while
they
were
being
tested
so
they
didn't
perform
as
well
as
they
might.
This
decreases
the
internal validity
of
the
findings
since
there
were
confounding
variables
that
were
not
controlled.
However
,
other
research
has
confirmed
the
study's
results
which
supports
its
validity.
One
limitation
of
Miller's
research
is
that
he
may
have
overestimated
the
capacity
of
STM.
For
example
,
Cowan
(
2001
)
reviewed
other
research
and
concluded
that
the
capacity
of
STM
was
only
about
four
chunks.
This
suggests
that
the
lower
end
of
Miller's
estimate
(
five
items
)
is
more
appropriate.
A
limitation
of
Peterson
&
Peterson's
study
is
the
use
of
artificial
material
since
memorising
consonant
syllables
does
not
reflect
most
real
life
memory
activities
where
what
we
are
trying
to
recall
is
meaningful.
Therefore
,
this
study
lacks
external
validity.
However
,
sometimes
,
remembering
fairly
meaningless
things
such
as
phone
numbers
is
common
and
so
the
study
is
not
completely
irrelevant.
One
strength
of
Bahrick's
study
is
that
real
life
,
meaningful
memories
were
studied
which
increases
the
external validity
of
the
study.
When
studies
on
LTM
have
been
carried
out
using
meaningless pictures
,
recall
rates
were
lower.
However
,
in
this
study
,
confounding
variables
are
not
controlled
,
for
example
,
some
participants
may
have
looked
at
their
yearbook
and
rehearsed
their
memory
over
the
years.
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