sociologists

• weber talks about verstehen as a process of understanding the world through the eyes of others
• cooley's looking glass self-theory: the self is a product of the interaction between the self and how others view us
• Goffman's dramaturgical model: front and back stage behaviour
• Mead's symbolic interactionism: we are socialised into society by learning to take on different roles, which involves taking on the perspectives of other people
• Durkheim


  School is society in miniature
• Parsons


  Education acts as a 'focal socialising agency' (schools acts a bridge between home and wider society)
• Bowles and Ginits


  School prepares pupils for life in the capitalist system and prevented rebellion or revolution (correspondence principal)
• Giroux: Marxist approach to education is too deterministic
• McRobbie: criticized willis' study for being too forgiving and accepting of the patriarchy and sexism in the counter school culture
• Bernstein


  Study into linguistic speech codes (restricted and elaborate speech codes)
• Douglas


  Lack of parental interest leads to working class underachievement
• Sugarman


  Working class students are more interested in immediate gratification than deferred gratification
• Rosenthal and Jacobson


  Labelling can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
• Howard becker


  Middle class teachers has an 'ideal pupil' of what a student should act like
• Strands 2007: found that Indian students are the most likely to complete their homework and the group where parents knew exactly where their kids were going (high level of parental control)
• Francis and archer 2007: Chinese students placed high value on educational achievement because of their desire to be seen as the good students
• Tony sewell: argues that black Caribbean students adopt a street subculture and less focus on academic achievement but he has been critised for not accounting for the racism against black Caribbean students
• Crozier 2004: found that Bangladeshi and Pakistani parents stayed away from interacting with the school too much because of their language barrier
• Connor et al found that ethnic minority had higher aspirations to continue to higher education than white students
• Hargreaves


  Deviance in classrooms – analysed how students became labelled and found that teachers made assumptions about students based on 3 classifications: speculation, elaboration, stabilization
• Rist: teachers make assumptions/labels on children by day 8 of the new school year based on appearance which affect the students interactions with the teacher and their educational achievement
• Gilborn: argued that teachers had the lowest expectations of black boys and saw them as a threat
• Fuller: critcises the labelling theory because it can have a positive effect as well – black girls who were labelled negatively as low achievers but the girls' response was to work harder and prove the teachers wrong
• Archer


  Nike identity and symbolic capital
• Alexander: panic over the state of the british education system resulting in using policies from other countries to raise standards. E.g. china and their numeracy and literacy hours, Sweden and free schools
• Beck: because of multiculturalism we are living in a global risk society surrounding terrorism (introduction to 2015 prevent policy)
• Mac and ghail: crisis of masculinity
• Lees: identifies a double standards where boys boast about their sexual exploits but calls girls 'slags' if they do the same
• Ball: introduced the idea of cola-isation of education where large companies influence education system intp purchasing their products e.g pearson and how they sell exam papers
• Comte: society can be studied in the same way as the natural sciences
• Gibson and Asthana : positive correlation between low income household and poor education performance
• Fernstein : low income correlates with restricted speech code