LESSON 4

• Man is


  • Social/Political
  • Animal
• Society (Social Classes)

  • Corresponds to the class of those who rule (the Guardians or Ruling class)
  • Corresponds to the class of those that protect (the soldiers)
  • Corresponds to the class of those who produce (merchants and commoners)
• Rational


  Corresponds to the class of those who rule (the Guardians or Ruling class)
• Spirited


  Corresponds to the class of those that protect (the soldiers)
• Appetitive


  Corresponds to the class of those who produce (merchants and commoners)
• Man as Social Animal

  • Marriage
  • Family
  • Community
  • State
• Homo Socius


  Political association for common good and good life
• Men and women have a natural desire to propagate their species
• The faculty of speech necessarily implies man's sense of good and evil, of just and unjust
• Humans are capable of forming a family and, eventually, a state
• Humans are capable of speech
• The state is prior to the existence of the individual
• Kinds of Societies (Karl Marx)

  • Primitive Communal
  • Slave
  • Feudal
  • Capitalist
• Macrotheoretical approach


  Focuses on the large (and use them as basic units of analysis), i.e. societies and social structures, as well as large-scale forces that are found within the social context
• Microtheoretical approach


  Focuses on the small (and use these as basic units of analysis), i.e. individuals, their intentions and goals, their experiences and ordinary interactions with one another
• The individual is shaped by the society in terms of his/her identity and values
• The human person is a product of the social and historical forces that have been there even before he/she is born
• The individual, in other words, is largely due to what surrounds him/her
• It is the individual that makes the social continue to perdure
• It will be problematic to just stick to either macrotheoretical or microtheoretical approaches alone when talking about the society
• You should always recognize the indissoluble interplay between individuality and social contexts
• Men and women have a natural desire to propagate their species

  • Marriage
  • Family
  • Community
  • State
• Homo Socius


  Political association for common good and good life
• The faculty of speech necessarily implies man's sense of good and evil, of just and unjust. As beings having the said capacity, humans then are capable of forming a family and, eventually, a state
• The state is necessarily prior to the individual, not physically, but in the sense that it has to exist first in order for the individual to have a whole to be part of
• Stages of social development

  • Primitive Communal
  • Slave
  • Feudal
  • Capitalist
• Primitive Communal


  • Depends on hunting and gathering for production
• Slave


  • Involves class of slaves and class of slave owners for activities of production
• Feudal


  • Involves of rulers and class of subjects or peasants, and class of merchants for production
• Capitalist


  • Involves bourgeoisie or property owners and proletariat/workers/laborers for production
• Macrotheoretical approach


  Focuses on the large (and use them as basic units of analysis), i.e. societies and social structures, as well as large-scale forces that are found within the social context
• Microtheoretical approach


  Focuses on the small (and use these as basic units of analysis), i.e. individuals, their intentions and goals, their experiences and ordinary interactions with one another
• The individual is shaped by the society in terms of his/her identity and values. The human person is a product of the social and historical forces that have been there even before he/she is born. It is these same forces that will definitely outlive the human person
• The individual, in other words, is largely due to what surrounds him/her. This does not mean, however, that the individual is hopelessly bound by the domination of the social (that he is always shaped by the social)
• It is, after all, the individual that makes the social continue to perdure
• It will be problematic to just stick to either macrotheoretical or microtheoretical approaches alone when talking about the society. You should always recognize the indissoluble interplay between individuality and social contexts