The sensorimotor period (birth to age 2) involves learning about objects through sensory experiences and motor actions.
During this time, infants begin to understand cause-and-effect relationships and can anticipate events.
Piaget's theory is based on the idea that children develop through stages, with each stage building upon the previous one.
Piaget's theory suggests that children develop cognitive abilities by actively exploring their environment and interacting with it.
Preoperational stage (ages 2-7): Children begin to use symbols, such as words or drawings, but still have difficulty understanding the perspectives of others.
Children progress from simple reflexes at birth to more complex thought processes as they grow older.
Concrete operational stage (ages 7-11): Children can perform mental operations on concrete information, but struggle with abstract concepts.
Children progress from concrete operational thinking to formal operations as they gain more experience and knowledge.
Formal operational stage (ages 11+): Adolescents are able to think logically and systematically about complex problems.
Sensorimotor stage is the first stage of Piaget's theory, lasting from birth to around two years old.
Formal operations involve abstract reasoning and problem solving without relying solely on personal experience or observation.
Concrete operational thinking refers to the ability to think logically about real-world situations using concrete examples.
Children progress from concrete operational thinking to formal operational thinking as they mature.
Concrete operations involve understanding physical concepts and manipulating tangible objects.
Concrete operational stage (ages 7-11): Children become more logical and are able to think abstractly about concrete concepts.
Formal operations involve abstract reasoning and logical thought processes.
Formal operational stage (ages 11+): Teenagers and adults are capable of thinking logically about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.
Formal operational stage (ages 11+): Teenagers are able to think logically about hypothetical situations and consider multiple possibilities.
Concrete operational stage (ages 7-11): Children become better able to think logically and solve problems using concrete examples.
Criticisms of Piaget's theory include its lack of empirical evidence and cultural bias.
The sensorimotor stage is characterized by an infant's ability to explore objects using all five senses and motor skills.
Formal operational stage (ages 11+): Teenagers are capable of abstract thinking and reasoning, allowing them to consider hypothetical situations and make predictions.