Space

• Phases of the Moon


  Astronomical phenomena observed from Earth as the Moon orbits the Earth

  
• Eclipses


  Astronomical events that occur when the position of one celestial body, darkens or blocks, the view of another celestial body from Earth

  
• Moon's motion


  • Rotates on its axis in 27.3 days
  • Same side of the Moon always faces the Earth
  • Orbit around the Earth is tilted by about five degrees

  
• Phases of the Moon

  1. New Moon

  2. Waxing Crescent

  3. First Quarter

  4. Waxing Gibbous

  5. Full Moon

  6. Waning Gibbous

  7. Third Quarter

  8. Waning Crescent

  
• The Moon is illuminated by the Sun

  
• The illuminated side does not always face Earth, which means that we see different amounts of the lit side as the Moon orbits Earth

  
• Over a period of 29.5 days, the amount of the illuminated surface of the Moon we see, follows a pattern

  
• The Moon takes 29.5 days to go through its cycle but only 27.3 days to make a complete revolution

  
• Rotation


  An object's circular motion about a fixed axis line
• Axis


  The line that an object rotates around
• As a result, the Moon and the Sun appear around the same size from Earth. Therefore, when the Moon is perfectly positioned between the Earth and the Sun it possible for the Moon to block out most of the Sun

  
• Solar Eclipse


  1. Total solar eclipse

  2. Partial solar eclipse
• Earth's Rotation


  • The apparent movement of the Sun from east to west in the sky is caused by the rotation of Earth on its axis
  • Earth completes one full rotation in a counterclockwise direction about its axis every 24 hours - this is what we call a day
  • Earth's axis is tilted about 23.5 degrees because it was knocked out of place by a big celestial object many years ago
• Revolution


  When an object orbits or travels around another object
• Lunar Eclipse


  • Earth is perfectly positioned between the Moon and the Sun casting a shadow on the Moon
  • Entire Moon passes through Earth's shadow which causes the Sun to appear orange or red

  
• In our solar system, our planets and many other celestial objects revolve in a counterclockwise direction around the Sun</b>
• Lunar Eclipse


  1. Total lunar eclipse

  2. Partial lunar eclipse
• Orbit


  The path an object takes as it revolves around another object
• The size and shape of a planet's orbit


  Affects the time it takes to complete a revolution around the Sun
• Gravitational force


  The force of attraction between all objects in the Universe with mass
• The greater the mass of an object, the stronger its gravitational force
• Earth's Revolution


  • Earth revolves around the Sun once every 365 days - this is what we call a year
  • The Earth rotates in a slightly elliptical shape
• As the Earth orbits the Sun, its tilted axis always points in the same direction
• Reason for Seasons


  1. Seasons are four divisions of the year marked by temperature patterns

  2. The tilt of the Earth causes different areas of the world to receive different amounts of sunlight throughout the year, which causes the northern and southern hemispheres to experience seasons
• More sunlight


  More heat
• Light from the Sun

  • Hits the Earth's surface perpendicularly or at an angle
  • Light that reaches the Earth's surface perpendicularly spreads over a smaller area, therefore the light energy is more concentrated
  • Light that reaches the Earth's surface at an angle spreads over a larger area, therefore the light energy is less concentrated

  
• Solstice


  The time of year when the tilt of Earth's axis is most inclined towards or away from the Sun, causing the position of the Sun in the sky to be at its highest or lowest point
• Equinox


  The time of year when the Earth's axis is centred with the Sun, causing the hours of daylight to equal the hours of night
• Places on/near the equator such as Ecuador and Indonesia, notice a smaller differences between climate changes of the seasons
• Canada is part of the northern hemisphere and it has vastly different weather between winter and summer
• Earth's Wobble


  • Precession is the changing direction of Earth's axis, which traces a circle every 26,000 years
  • Earth's axis from the North Pole passes very closely to the star Polaris, also known as the North Star