CAM - canine and feline

    Cards (108)

    • Allow dog to come to you
      Calm demeanor and voice, brace yourself for energetic dogs, ignore jumping behaviours
    • Tools for restraint
      • Muzzles, leads, catch poles
    • Approach cats
      Crouch down, loose fist to allow for sniffing, no direct eye contact
    • Cat handling tools
      • Cat carrier, cat bag, cat muzzle, cat grabber, crush cage
    • Transporting dogs
      Dogs have to be restrained so they cannot distract you while driving or injure you/themselves if you stop quickly
    • Sources for buying/adopting dogs and cats
      • Registered breeders - kennel club
      • Internet advertisements - pets4homes, preloved
      • Rescue shelters
      • Private sales banned on facebook
    • Checks when viewing a puppy or kitten
      • Access to human contact
      • Worming and vaccination status
      • Health screening certificates of parents
      • Signs of ill health
      • Puppy/kitten's mother and litter mates
      • Is this where they were born?
    • Minimise risks when buying a puppy or kitten
      • Visit the breeder more than once
      • Request a contract of sale
      • Be prepared to walk away
    • Wheres mum campaign - seeing puppies with mum? If not, why not? Does the reason why sound right?
    • A number of people do not ask for health records and do not know if they are available to look at. Important when purchasing a puppy bred for profits - not necessarily too important if an accidental pregnancy.
    • Research of brachycephalic dogs show that owners are more interested in appearance and less interest in health.
    • Adopting a dog or cat
      • Rising rates of relinquished pets
      • Many are 'lockdown' pets
      • Often unsocialised
      • Sometimes a complex/traumatic history
      • Affects settling in success
      • Require patience, time and skill to overcome
    • Bringing your pet home
      • Puppy/kitten should be at least 8 weeks old
      • Early experiences can impact temperament and emotional stability
      • Critical period of development/sensitive period 8-10 weeks
    • First day and night

      1. Collect animal in the morning
      2. Bring a familiar item home
      3. Allow time to acclimatise in quiet area
      4. Children should be kept at distance to begin with
      5. Leaving animal alone - dependent on age/history
      6. Establish routine straight away
      7. Dogs - regular toilet breaks
      8. Cats - introduce litter tray/toilet area
    • Socialisation
      • Allows animal to have positive interaction with common stimuli
      • Rewarded with a treat or game
      • The kennel club and dogs trust developed the puppy plan
      • Dr rachel case and cats protection developed the kitten socialisation programme
    • Socialisation - different people/animals
      • Young/old
      • Different appearances
      • People using walking sticks/wheelchairs
      • Other dogs/cats big, small, loud or quiet
      • Livestock
    • Socialisation - other stimuli
      • Household: vacuum, cleaner, washing machine
      • Outside - buses, cars, lawnmowers, pedestrian crossings, town centres
      • Grooming equipment
    • Habituation
      • Rewarding for not interacting with or reacting to stimuli
      • Increased likelihood of behaviour (ignoring stimulus) re-occurring
    • Exercise for puppies
      • Short walk (5 mins per month of age) twice daily
      • Exercise after eating = increases risk of bloat
    • Exercise for adult dogs
      • Frequency and duration depends on age, breed and health
      • For example - 30 mins of hard aerobic activity would be suitable for an active breed, whereas it may be dangerous for a brachycephalic breed
    • Companionship for dogs
      • Length of time a dog can be left alone varies - age, training, history, housing conditions
      • The use of dog walkers is common (£5-£10 a day/visit)
    • Health considerations for dogs and cats
      • Neutering
      • Vaccination
      • Flea and worm treatments
      • Insurance
      • Register with local vet
      • Microchipping
    • Senior vs Geriatric
      • Senior relates to a certain age - 5 years in large and giant breeds, 7 years for medium breeds, 9 years old
      • Geriatric relates to health status - when the animal body and health become fragile. Others define geriatric as the last 10% of the animals life span
    • Common senior dog health issues
      • Cancer
      • Heart problems
      • Hearing/vision loss
      • Dementia
      • Arthritis
      • Obesity
      • Kidney problems
      • GI issues and incontinence
    • Common senior cat health issues
      • Cancer
      • Arthritis
      • Dementia
      • Hyperthyroidism
      • Hearing/vision loss
      • Dental disease
      • Kidney problems
      • Diabetes mellitus
    • Many of these senior health issues only detected by a veterinary professional - geriatric clinics
    • Increased health screening can reduce severity of disease/aid management
    • Can cause owners to relinquish pets - 'seniors' spend 3 times as long in rescue before adoption
    • Management of senior pets

      • Pets need change with age
      • Management practices must be adapted to suit later stage of life
      • Can also stop health issues worsening/delay their onset
    • Activity for senior dogs
      • May have reduced mobility and energy
      • Often have exercise reduced too much
      • Focus on reducing intensity more than duration
      • Split exercise time up throughout the day - little and often
      • Not enough exercise can lead to obesity, arthritis and other issues
    • Nutrition for senior dogs and cats
      • Some require special diets
      • Diabetes - high in fibre
      • Heart disease - lower sodium
      • Kidney problems - more HBV and less LBV protein
      • Arthritis - more chondroitin and glucosamine
      • Dental disease - softer food
      • Some pets have reduced appetites
      • Calorie reduction for health seniors - dogs 20-30% approx, cats - none
      • Neuter status - further reduction
    • Routine for senior pets
      • Increased frequency of walks for dogs - reduce stress on joint reduce fatigue
      • Increased frequency of sleeping - lower stamina, lower metabolism, increased effort level
      • Reduce the quality of sleep - more light sleep, less deep sleep
    • Environment for senior pets
      • Reduced mobility - easy access to resources, reduced ability to climb/jump, consider ramps/steps
      • Reduced limb strength - increased risk of slipping
      • Reduced tolerance for noise - crate or safe place in a quiet area
      • Reduced vision and hearing - make resources easy to find/keep in the same place
      • Competition for resource - housed with younger animals?
    • Toileting issues for senior pets
      • Common issues - gastrointestinal tract/incontinence
      • Cats and dogs = reduced bowel/bladder control
      • Increased opportunities to eliminate
      • Risk factors - anxiety and stress, dementia, spinal/neurological stress, urinary tract infections, other illnesses, breed disposition, spaying
      • Can be treated - surgery or medication
    • Grooming for senior pets

      • Variety of benefits for owner and pet
      • Dogs and cats coat are affected by wide variety of issues
      • Digestive issues, hormone imbalance, cancer, sebaceous gland changes
      • Help identify wider health issues
      • Considerations - pets has less flexibility, skin is thinner, matting is more painful, gentler approach needed, pain induced aggressions - beware of painful areas
    • Oestrus cycle

      • Regular cycle of events that occur in the reproductive system of a post pubertal non-pregnant female
      • Occurs in distinct phases which cause change in the ovaries, reproductive tract and behaviour of the female
      • Provides opportunity for females to become pregnant
    • Types of oestrus cycles
      • Polyoestrus (pigs, cows) - multiple cycles a year
      • Seasonally polyoestrus (cats, horses) - multiple cycles only during specific periods of the year
      • Monoestrus (dogs) - one oestrus cycle per year
    • Ovulation types
      • Induced ovulation - require the act of copulation to stimulate the release of ova
      • Spontaneous ovulation - spontaneously release of ova, independent of copulation
    • Forms of ovulation
      • Uniparous - release one ovum to produce single offspring
      • Polytocous - release many ova to produce multiple offspring in one pregnancy
    • Bitch oestrus cycle
      Monoestrus (non-seasonal), spontaneous ovulators, polytocous, average cycle takes 6 months, reach puberty at 6-9 months of age
    See similar decks