Coasts

• Erosion


  The process by which the coastline gets worn away and moved
• Erosion processes

  1. The power of the wave forces water and air into cracks in the rock

  2. This pressure forces fractures in rock to split apart. Over time, this creates faults and notches which get

  3. The waves pick up rocks from the see and throw them against the cliffs. Over time, this rubs and smooths the rock, the using

  4. The sea picks up angular rocks and knocks them into each other. This chips away the corners to make them rounder

  5. Salts or chemicals in the water act to dissolve the rocks they touch, for example limestone is dissolved by sea salt
• Longshore drift


  Coastal transport
• Coastal erosional landforms


  • Large crack
  • The crack grows
  • The cave opened
  • Forming a natural arch
• Hard engineering


  Involves building structures to protect the coast, they tend to be expensive
• Soft engineering


  Involves using natural materials or nature to take back areas
• The Holderness coast stretches from Flamborough Head to Spurn Point in NE England. Much of Holderness consists of soft materials: clay with a mixture of boulders known as glacial till. Longshore drift transports beach material southwards, causing the beach to be smaller in some places
• Coastal processes


  • Hydraulication
  • Constructive
  • Destructive
  • Weathering
  • Fetch
  • Deposition
  • Longshore drift
  • Caves
  • Headland
  • Bay
  • Spit