A01

• • Bottom-up approach is an example of investigative psychology undertaken in the UK, which is more scientific as the method relies on making inferences from actual data.
  • It develops a profile as the crime scene and eyewitness testimonies are analysed. 
• investigative psychology


  uses computer databases and statistical procedures to look for similarities and differences in patterns between offences and offenders.
• factors investigated

  1)interpersonal coherence= way offender behaves at crime scene/how they interacted with victim 

  2)significance of time and place= this may indicate where offender is living if crime takes place within same ‘centre of gravity’

  3)forensic awareness= who have been the focus of police attention before, behaviour may show how mindful they are of covering their tracks.
• geographical profiling

  • offenders operationalised base/ their homes is revealed by the geographical location of their crime=crime mapping.
  • Involved the circle theory=canter and Larkin proposes people operate within imagined boundaries which crime are likely to be 
• 2 models of offenders(geographical profiling)

  1)the marauder- the offender operates near home base 

  2)the commuters-offender likely travelled long distance from home

  -offender pattern most likely form a circle around their home and give investigators idea of residence.