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Unit 5a- forces
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Force
A
push
or pull
that
acts
on
an
object
due
to
its
interaction
with
another
object.
Forces measured in
Newtons
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Balanced forces = when the forces acting on an object have
equal
magnitude
and act in
opposite
directions,
the object will be
balanced
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Stationary-Balanced,
balanced
forces are equal in
magnitude
and act in
opposite
direction.
If the arrow length is
equal
(
so
same
magnitud)
the box will remain
stationar.
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Arrow length
- moving
Thrust
pushes forwards, drag pulls backwards. Same magnitude
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Balanced Forces
Equal in
magnitude
, act in
opposite
directions
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Balanced
force-moving:
Travel at a
constant
spee
d, no
change.
Thrust
and
drag
cancel out.
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Stationary
-
Unbalanced
, Starts to move
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Moving-Unbalanced,
Thrust
and
drag
do not cancel out,
accelerate
or decelerate.
Will
now
be
a
change.
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Resultant
force: A
single
force that has the same effect as all the
original
forces
acting
together
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Calculating Resultant Force
1. Forces in
same
direction:
Add
them together
2. Forces in
opposite
direction:
Big
Force
-
Small
force.
Always
goes in direction of
original
big
force.
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Work
Done
Force
x
Distance
W
=F x
s
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Elasticity
: When a
force
is put onto an object it can change its
shape,
speed
,
direction
of
movement
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Elastic
Deformation
Object returns to
original
shape after force is
removed
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Inelastic Deformation
Object stays
deformed
after force is
removed
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Elastic
Objects
Metal spring
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Inelastic Objects
Plasticine
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Elasticity
Equation
Force =
Spring
Constant x
Extension
F=
k
x
e
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Spring
Constant:
Measurement of how
stiff
a material is (
larger
spring
constant
=
stiffer
)
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Extension
: Difference in
length
(new -
old
)
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Not all extensions can be measured in
metres
, may need to convert
units
.
Millimetres
to metres = divide by
1000,
centimetres
to
metres
=
divide
by 100.
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Moments
: Acts around a
point
of
rotation called a
pivot
or fulcrum
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Moments Equation
Moment
= Force x
Perpendicular Distance
M
=
F
x
d
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Moments
can be clockwise or anticlockwise around a
pivot
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Levers:
consists of a
pivot
,
effort
and load. Make use of
moments
to act as a force
multiplier
, so easier to move
heavier
objects.
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