crime control and prevention

• left realist view of crime

  • crime is caused by social factors such as marginalisation, relative deprivation and subcultures
  • relative deprivation is where people feel deprived compared other in society - become marginalised within society and form subcultures which have deviant or criminal goals
• right realist view of crime

  • more individualistic
  • they feel that crime is a rational choice and that criminals can commit crimes because the benefit outweighs the cost of being caught
  • too many opportunities to commit crime
  • MURRAY - argues that the rise in single-parent families and teen parents has led to a lack of socialisation into appropriate values which leads to youth delinquency
• Crime Control and prevention - Situational crime prevention

  • pre-emptive approach that aims to make it harder to commit crime in the first place by designing out crime
  • target hardening = bars and bolts on windows, alarm systems, anti-homelessness sleepers (hostile architecture)
  • more CCTV, more police on the streets
  • PEASE - bars, bolts and barriers
• Crime control and prevention - situational crime prevention AO3

  • displacement theory - doesn't reduce crime but moves it to a different area
  • doesn't deal with corporate or white collar crime
  • unfairly targets the working class who can't afford the target gardening systems
• Crime control and prevention - environmental crime prevention

  • by improving the local area and dealing with low level criminal activity
  • vandalism, graffiti and loitering
  • Zero tolerance policing - sweat the small stuff and deal with small pretty crimes which will prevent the movement into more serious crimes
  • WILSON AND KELLING - broken window policy
• crime control and prevention - environmental crime prevention - AO3

  • deals with the symptom, not the cause
  • targets working-class people and street crimes rather than corporate or white collar crime
  • displacement theory
• Crime control and prevention - social and community crime prevention

  • left realist approach
  • that by dealing with the social inequalities that lead to crime then it will reduce the crime rate
  • they believe that it is social inequality that is the biggest cause of crime
  • youth groups and community centre - sense of community
  • parenting groups to help with socialisation
  • increasing community police officers - improve community relations with the police which will help cries to be solved
• crime control and prevention - social and community crime prevention

  • assumes a value consensus within a community and ignores issues such as relative deprivation and institutional racism
  • limits effectiveness of community and social policies
  • doesn't deal with corporate or white-collar crime