Science Readings 1

• Physical science- the study of inorganic compounds
• Physics - the study of matter and energy and the interaction between them.
• Albert Einsten - Introduced the Theory of Relativity
• Chemistry- the study of the composition, properties, reaction, and structure of matter.
• Louis Pasteur- Pasteurization
• Pasteurization - killing germs through heating liquids such as milk or juice
• Astronomy - the study of universe beyond earth's atmosphere.
• Enumerate the sub-branches of Physical Sciences:

  1. Physics
  2. Chemistry
  3. Astronomy
• Enumerate the sub branches of Earth Sciences.

  1. Geology
  2. Oceanography
  3. Paleontology
  4. Meteorology
• Geology - the study of Earth's structure, physical and chemical changes it experienced or is experiencing. As well as the history and origin of Earth.
• Oceanography - the study of ocean
• Paleontology - the study of Earth during prehistoric ages/periods
• Meteorology - the study of atmosphere, climate, and weather.
• Biology- the study of life, living things. Also called as: Life sciences
• Enumerate the sub branches of Biology:

  1. Botany
  2. Zoology
  3. Genetics
  4. Medicine
• Enumerate 3 branches of Science:

  1. Physical Sciences
  2. Earth Sciences
  3. Life Sciences
• Scientific method- logical method used by scientist to acquire knowledge.
• Steps in Scientific Method:

  1. Identify and clearly state the problem
  2. Gather information pertinent to the problem
  3. Formulate hypothesis
  4. Test the hypothesis
  5. Draw conclusion
  6. Apply the conclusion to other situations.
• Identify and clearly state the problem- problem must be specific, measurable, and attainable.
• Gather the information pertinent to the problem- these came from experiences, researches, or interviews.
• Formulate the hypothesis - making an educated guess
• Test the hypothesis - run experiments
• Controlled experiment - manipulating one factors in the experiment.
• Trials - number of times an experiment is repeated
• Controls - variables kept constant throughout the experiment.
• Variables - changing factors in an experiment.
• Independent variable - factors that are changed (manipulated)
• Dependent variable - the results of the changes made in independent variable.
• Presentation of Data:

  1. Tables
  2. Graph
• Table - organized and easy to read presentation of data.
• Graph - readily shows pattern or relationship between datas.
• Types of Graph:

  1. Line
  2. Bar
• Line graph - shows the properties of two continuously changing variables.
• Bar graph - shows and compares changing variable with unchanging variable.
• Draw conclusion

  1. Conclusion - STATEMENT of the result of an experiment
  2. Law - what happened in the experiment without explaining the causes of such occurrence
  3. Theory - hypothesis that can be explained from observations.