SYNTHETIC ROUTES

• What do you get if you add hydrogen to an alkene?

  Conditions: Ni catalyst and 150C

  Alkane
• What do you get if you add a halogen to an alkene?

  Conditions: X2 and 20C

  Dihaloalkane
• What do you get if you add steam to an alkene?

  Conditions: H3PO4 catalyst, 300C ane 60atm

  Alcohol
• What do you get if you add a hydrogen-halide to an alkene?

  Conditions: HX and 20C

  Haloalkane
• What do you get if you add concentrated H2SO4 to an alcohol?

  Conditions: 170C

  Alkene
• What do you get if you add Warm NaOH to a haloalkane?

  Conditions: H2O and reflux

  Alcohol
• What do you get if you add a halogen to an alkane?

  Conditions: X2, UV light

  Haloalkane
• What do you get if you add a sodium-halide to an alcohol?

  Conditions: NaX, H2SO4, 20C

  Haloalkane
• What do you get if you add cyanide to a haloalkane?

  Conditions: NaCN/KCN, ethanol and reflux


  Nitrile
• What do you get if you add excess ethanolic ammonia to a haloalkane?

  Conditions: ammonia + ethanol, heat

  Amine
• What do you get if you add LiAlH4 then dilute acid to a nitrile?

  Conditions: Ni catalyst, high temp and pressure

  Amine
• What do you get if you add dilute HCl to a nitrile?

  Conditions: reflux

  Carboxylic Acid
• What do you get if you add LiAlH4 then dilute acid to a hydroxynitrile?

  Conditions: Ni catalyst, high temp and pressure

  Amine
• What do you get if you add HCN to a carbonyl compound?

  Hydroxynitrile
• What do you get if you add acidified potassium dichromate to a primary alcohol?

  Conditions: K2Cr2O7, H2SO4 and reflux

  Carboxylic Acid
• What do you get if you add NaBH4 then water to an aldehyde?

  Primary Alcohol
• What do you get if you add NaBH4 then water to a ketone?

  Secondary Alcohol
• What do you get if you add acidified potassium dichromate to a secondary alcohol?

  Conditions: K2Cr2O7, H2SO4 and reflux


  Ketone
• What do you get if you add acidified potassium dichromate to a primary alcohol?

  Conditions: K2Cr2O7, H2SO4 and distill

  Aldehyde
• What do you get if you add dilute HCl to a hydroxynitrile?

  Conditions: reflux

  Carboxylic Acid
• What do you get if you add SOCl2 to a carboxylic acid?

  (thionyl chloride)

  Acyl Chloride
• What do you get if you add cold H2O to an acyl chloride?

  Carboxylic Acid
• What do you get if you add NH3 to an acyl chloride?

  Conditions: 20C


  Primary Amide
• What do you get if you add an amine to an acyl chloride?

  Conditions: 20C


  Secondary Amide
• What do you get if you add an alcohol to an acyl chloride?

  Conditions: 20C


  Ester
• What do you get if you add an alcohol to a carboxylic acid?

  Conditions: acid catalyst, heat

  Ester
• What do you get if you add a dilute acid to an ester?

  Conditions: reflux


  Carboxylic Acid and an Alcohol
• What do you get if you add a dilute alkali to an ester?

  Conditions: reflux


  Carboxylate Salt and an Alcohol
• What do you get if you add a carboxylic acid to an alcohol?

  Conditions: H2SO4, reflux

  Ester
• What do you get if you add an acid anhydride to an alcohol?

  Conditions: heat, distill

  Ester
• What do you get if you add an acyl chloride to an alcohol?

  Conditions: heat, distill

  Ester
• What do you get if you add conc HNO3 to benzene?

  Conditions: conc H2SO4, warm


  Nitrobenzene

  
• What do you get if you add a halogen to benzene?

  Conditions: X2, AlCl3 catalyst, warm

  Halobenzene

  
• What do you get if you add a haloalkane to benzene?

  Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst, reflux

  Alkyl Benzene

  
• What do you get if you add an acyl chloride to benzene?

  Conditions: AlCl3 catalyst, reflux


  Phenylketone

  
• What do you get if you add tin, conc HCl then NaOH to benzene?

  Conditions: reflux

  Phenylamine

  
• What do you get if you add NaOH to phenol?

  Conditions: 20C


  Sodium Phenoxide

  
• What do you get if you add bromine water to phenol?

  Conditions: Br2, 20C

  2,4,6-tribromophenol

  
• What do you get if you add an acyl chloride to phenol?

  Conditions: 20C


  Phenyl Ester

  
• What do you get if you add dilute HNO3 to phenol?

  Conditions: 20C


  2,nitrophenol or 4-nitrophenol