information science and information technology

• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

  General term that describes how you produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and disseminate informations
• Information technology (IT) covers any form of technology, that is, any equipment or technique used by a company, institution, or any other organization which handles information.
• Information technology incorporates computing, telecommunication technologies, and includes consumer electronics and broadcasting as it is getting more and more digitized.
• Computer technology: combines the hardware of computers and computer controlled devices with software — operating systems, authoring tools, expert systems and courseware — to support training technology
• Communications technology: devices that use communication technology: telephone, radio, movie cam, TV, cellphones, web TV, internet, etc.
• MODEM: Contraction for modulate/ demodulate
• MODEM is used to send and receive signals from computers by converting a digital signal from the computer (modulate) into an analog signal
• In a modem, analog signal is transmitted over a communication link to a receiving computer; analog signal must be converted back to a digital signal (demodulate) for processing by a digital computer
• MODEM can be external or internal to the computer and transmit data in bps (bits per second)

  • Bps will vary depending on the type of technology used
  • Higher bps means faster transmission of data and vise versa
• COMMUNICATION MEDIA: Data transmissions requires some port of medium to do the task
• OTHER COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA: wire pairs, coaxial cables, fiber optics, microware and satellite transmission
• WIRELESS TRANSMISSION: used to send data using Radio Frequency to connect various physical devices
• PROTOCOLS: essential tools for devices to communicate with each other

  • set of rules for the exchange of data between a terminal and a computer or between two computers
• COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

  • TOPOLOGY: layout or configuration of the connected devices on a network
• Four common topologies: bus, ring, star, and mesh
• Host computer and hubs: any device that is coupled to the network components
• Devices: hubs, switches, bridge, routers, and gateways
• BUS TOPOLOGY: one line of network
• RING TOPOLOGY: one continuous endless network
• STAR TOPOLOGY: devices are connected at a central hub or switch
• MESH TOPOLOGY: ring and star topology
• HYBRID TOPOLOGY: combination of two or more networks
• Local Area Network (LAN): smallest network
• Wide Area Network (WAN): largest network
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN)
• COMPUTER SCIENCE: Study of computers and computational Systems
• Computer science includes artificial intelligence, computer systems and networks, security, database systems, human computer interaction, vision and graphics, numerical analysis, programming languages, software engineering, bio informatics and theory of computing.
• Computer applications in radiology also continue to grow

  • The first large-scale radiologyapplicationwas Computed Tomography(CT)
  • MRI, Diagnostic Ultrasonography, and Nuclear Medicine imaging use computers similarly to the way CT imaging systems do
• INFORMATION SCIENCE: Involves several disciplines, including behavioral science, social science, business and computer science. It deals with various forms of information and the communication, processing, evaluation, analysis and storage of information by machines and people
• Information science involves working with computers and enormous quantities of information but focuses on the systems themselves and how they are used, leaning heavily on the investigation and research
• INFORMATION SYSTEMS: operations research and computer science
• COMPUTER HUMANI NTERACTION: cognitive studies, communication and psychology
• STUDYING COMPUTING FROM A SOCIAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVE: economics, science, technology and law
• DIGITAL BIOMEDICINE/MEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: A system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery
• DIGITIZATION IN BIOMEDICINE AND MEDICINE: In our era of digital biomedicine, data take many form, from “omics” to imaging, mobile health (mHealth), and Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
• ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD: Secure, real-time, point-of-care, patient-centric information resource for physicians
• Electronic Health Record contains a vast amount of medical information, data about patient, and other related health information such as images from medical imaging procedures
• 6 components of EHR:

  1. Order entry
  2. Clinical documentation
  3. Data repository
  4. Decision Support
  5. Result Reporting
  6. Clinical messaging thru E-mail
• HEALTHCARE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: is the area of healthcare that oversees the technology systems healthcare providers use to manage patient data
• “Health IT refers to the electronic systems health care providers - and increasingly, patients - use to store, share and analyze information,” according to the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC)