Philosophy

• Philosophy


  Love of wisdom, refers to the strong desire of the human person to possess knowledge and apply it correctly
• Pythagoras was the first to call himself a philosopher from the Greek word philosophers or love of wisdom
• Philosophizing


  An attempt to logically formulate, understand and answer the essential questions that we ask
• Philosophical questions


  • What is the origin of the Universe and everything that exists
  • Does God exist, if so why is there suffering, and what is the meaning and purpose of life
• Philosophical questions


  • Can only be answered by using reason as a tool, can be expressed in different forms such as the ability to reflect, ask questions, explain one's thoughts, and analyze certain experiences and phenomena
• Socrates


  • Came up with the Socratic method, a way of studying problems through a question and answer technique, his thoughts focused on morals, good and evil, and society
• Plato


  • Wrote about his philosophy in dialogues, most famous work is The Republic where he expressed his thought that a philosopher should be king, founded the Academy where Aristotle became a student
• Aristotle


  • Focused more on science as one of the practical areas of philosophy, founded his own school called Lyceum, believed reason was the highest good and having self-control is very important
• Branches of philosophy


  • Metaphysics - study of the physical universe and the nature of Ultimate Reality
  • Logic - differentiates between valid and confusing ideas
  • Ethics - study of values and principles
  • Epistemology - considers how people come to learn what they know
• Philosophical reflection


  Seriously thinking about past experiences before making any major decision or related action
• Doing philosophy


  Engaging in finding ways or methodologies to eliminate any practical problem or abstract idea
• Holistic point of view


  Looking at all aspects of the situation or problem, giving importance to all aspects, and tying them together to form a general overview
• Partial point of view


  Looking at a limited number of aspects of the given problem or situation, making conclusions based on considering some but not all sides
• Holistic point of view


  • Using different sources of information in research, listening to both teachers and parents' advice on course selection, not judging people by social media posts
• Partial point of view


  • Using only one source of information in research, listening only to parents' advice on course selection, judging people's character by their Facebook posts
• Philosophy


  Comes from two Greek words: philo which means "To Love" and Sophia which means "wisdom"
• Philosophy


  Originally meant "love of wisdom"
• Philosophy


  The science that by natural light of reason studies the first causes or highest principles of all the things
• Science


  • It is an organized body of knowledge
  • It is systematic
  • It follows certain steps or employs procedure
• Branches of Philosophy


  • Metaphysics
  • Ethics
  • Aesthetics
  • Epistemology
• Metaphysics


  • It is an extension of a fundamental and necessary study
  • A metaphysician's task is to explain that part of our experience which we call unreal in terms of what we call real
  • We try to make things comprehensible by simplifying or reducing the mass of things we call appearance to a relatively fewer number of things we call reality
• Thales


  • He claims that everything we experience ("reality") and everything else is applicable
  • We try to explain everything else (appearance) in terms of water (reality)
• Idealist and Materialist


  • Their theories are based on unobservable entities: mind and matter
  • They explain the observable in terms of unobservable
• Plato


  • Nothing we experience in the physical world with our five senses is real
  • Reality is unchanging, eternal, immaterial and can be detected by the intellect
  • Plato calls these realities as ideas of forms
• Ethics


  • It explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions
  • It is a study of the nature of moral judgements
  • Philosophical Ethics attempts to provide an account of our fundamental ethical ideas
  • It insists the obedience to moral law be given a rational foundation
• Socrates


  • To be happy is to live a virtuous life
  • True knowledge = wisdom
  • Courage as virtue is also knowledge
• • An African American who wanted equal rights for the blacks
  • His philosophy uses the same process as Hegel's dialectic (Thesis antithesis Synthesis)


  William Edward Burghard Du Bois
• Philosophers


  • Lovers of wisdom
  • People who engage in philosophy
• Aesthetics


  A branch of philosophy that deals with beauty and what makes things beautiful
• Epistemology


  A branch of philosophy that discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing
• Opinion


  A statement that goes beyond providing facts
• Conclusion


  A judgement based on certain facts
• Beliefs


  Statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts
• Explanations


  Statements that claim to be true and provide reasons why the statement is true
• Arguments


  A series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful
• Claims


  Statements that require further examination to determine their truthfulness
• Self-awareness


  A trait that defines a person having a clear perception of oneself, including their thoughts, emotions, identity and actions
• Self-determination


  A trait that defines the capability to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions and goal-oriented and self-directed
• Dignity


  A trait that distinguishes the human person the innate right to be valued and respected
• Consequence


  The result or effect of an action or condition