KEY TERMS

• extension


  movement where the angle between the bones increase
• flexion


  movement at the joint where the angle of the bones decrease
• abduction


  where limbs are moved away from the body
• adduction


  where the limbs are moving towards the body
• rotation


  turning a limb along its axis
• plantar flexion


  movement at the ankle where the toes are pointed down
• dorsifelxion


  movement at the ankle where the toes are pointed towards the knee
• circumduction


  when a limb is held straight and is moved in a circular shape
• haemoglobin


  red pigment found in red blood cells which transports oxygen around the body
• oxyhaemoglobin


  formed when oxygen combines with haemoglobin
• vascular shunting


  process that increases blood flow to active areas during exercise by diverting blood away from inactive areas (achived by vasodilation and vasoconstriction)
• diastole


  the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle
• systole


  the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
• EPOC (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption)


  increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity

  • during anerobic exercise energy is produced
  • this builds up latic acid in muscles and oxygen debt
  • the body must take extra oxygen to break it down