NUTRTION AND BMI

• Nutrition - The study of food in relation to health of an individual, community, or society and the process through which food is sustained to life and growth.
• Good Nutrition - the body has adequate supply of essential nutrients that are efficiently utilized such that growth and good health are maintained at the highest possible level.
• Nutrients - a chemical component needed by the body to provide energy, build and repair tissues, and regulate life processes.
• Types of Nutrients: Macronutrients and micronutrients
• Vitamin A - Eyes and mental health
• Vitamin D and E - Skin
• Vitamin K - Anti-hemorrhagic
• Vitamin B1-B12 - bones
• Vitamin C - Immune system
• Calcium and Phosphorus - bones
• Magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride - metabolic processes (electrolytes)
• Sulfur - skin and shiny hair
• Iron - most prominent micromineral; needed for creation of hemoglobin
• Selenium - skin and nails
• Macronutrients - protein, carbohydrate, fats
• Micronutrients - Vitamin A, Iron, Iodine, Folate/Folic Acid
• Protein - to build and repair cells and tissues
• Protein - supply energy and regulate body processes
• Carbohydrate - chief source of energy
• Fats - fats and lipids in the right kind and amount are necessary components of tissues
• Fats - to regulate certain life processes
• Vitamin A - Fat-soluble vitamin; cannot be synthesized by the body
• Vitamin A - Mostly stored in liver (prevents glaucoma and blindness)
• Vitamin A - promotes/maintain good vision
• Types of Vitamin A: Preformed vitamin A and Provitamin A Carotenoid
• Preformed vitamin A - retinol; from animal sources
• Provitamin A Carotenoid - from plants; carotene to retinol
• Iron - essential trace mineral for hemoglobin formation that is needed for oxygen transport
• Iron - needed in the synthesis of hormones that support brain development and function
• Folate/Folic acid - water-soluble B vitamin
• Iodine - essential component of thyroid hormones.
• Iodine - important in the development of the brain and CNS during fetal growth and development
• Malnutriton: lack of one or more essential nutrients
• Malnutrition- nutritional deficiency
• Malnutrition: may be due to an excessive nutrient or supply to the point of creating toxic or harmful effects
• Types of malnutrition: undernutrition, overnutrition, and specific nutrient deficiency
• Specific nutrient deficiency- only one nutrient missing
• Early signs of protein malnutrition: general weakness, weight loss, reduced resistance to infections, lethargy or malaise, and pallor
• Later signs of protein malnutrition: edema and dry, scaly skin
• Protein malnutrition in children: growth is retarded and liver is enlarged